HCAS Book and Book Chapters

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  Microalgae for Energy

  Reza Razeghifard

  Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances—including their properties, manufacturing, and uses. It also focuses on industrial processes and unit operations in chemical engineering, as well as covering fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. Additionally, environmental and health issues concerning chemical technology are also addressed.

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  Cyanobacterial Associated Colored Band Diseases of the Atlantic/Caribbean

  Laurie L. Richardson, Aaron W. Miller, Patricia Blackwelder, and Husain Al-Sayegh

  Coral disease is quickly becoming a crisis to the health and management of the world’s coral reefs. There is a great interest from many in preserving coral reefs. Unfortunately, the field of epizootiology is disorganized and lacks a standard vocabulary, methods, and diagnostic techniques, and tropical marine scientists are poorly trained in wildlife pathology, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. Diseases of Coral will help to rectify this situation.

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  The Evolution of Somali Women's Clothing During Changing Security Contexts

  Mary Schwoebel

  This chapter explores the relationship between dress, identities and agency in the public realm, and thus contributes to wider feminist debates about women politicians and the politics of dress and gender. It focuses on how Margaret Thatcher used dress to define her political image, draw from her upbringing to adapt and shape her dress, then analyses the different and shifting performances of dress across her life and career. Much feminist analysis of dress in contemporary British politics argues that media focus on women's dress is always damaging and marginalizing. Dress and its relationship with political culture remains an underdeveloped aspect of political sociology, international relations and history. The micro-politics of dress during the interwar years reflected and provoked broader socio-economic changes in British society. Thatcher's dress reflected and embodied her growing power in both domestic and international terms, and defined a particular form of executive style for women.

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  The Haunting of a Nation: Ghostly Public Discourses and Jamaican National Trauma

  Andrea E. Shaw-Nevins

  This book is the logical continuation of a series of collected essays examining the origins and evolution of myths and legends of the supernatural in Western and non-Western tradition and popular culture. The first two volumes of the series, The Universal Vampire: Origins and Evolution of a Legend (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) and Images of the Modern Vampire: The Hip and the Atavistic. (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) focused on the vampire legend. The essays in this collection expand that scope to include a multicultural and multigeneric discussion of a pantheon of supernatural creatures who interact and cross species-specific boundaries with ease. Angels and demons are discussed from the perspective of supernatural allegory, angelic ethics and supernatural heredity and genetics. Fairies, sorcerers, witches and werewolves are viewed from the perspectives of popular nightmare tales, depictions of race and ethnicity, popular public discourse and cinematic imagery. Discussions of the “undead and still dead” include images of death messengers and draugar, zombies and vampires in literature, popular media and Japanese anime.

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  Neighborly Strangers

  Honggang Yang

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  General Chemistry 1 Laboratory: CHM 2045L

  Patrick Ande, Donna Chamely-Wiik, Beatrix Aukszi, and Jerome E. Haky

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  Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Patterns in Forensic Samples Detected by Pyrosequencing®

  Joana Antunes, Kuppareddi Balamurugan, George Duncan, and Bruce McCord

  In certain circumstances the outcome of a trial may hinge on the ability of a forensic laboratory to determine the identity of biological stains present at crime scenes. An example of such a situation would be the detection of blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, or other body fluid in a specific location whereby its presence would reinforce the victim’s or suspect’s version of the events that happened during the commission of a crime. However, current serological methods used for identifying body fluids may lack the sensitivity and specificity to identify these fluids, particularly for trace levels. New procedures using proteomic methods and RNA-based gene expression show promise in addressing this issue; however, concerns about stability and relative levels of gene expression remain. An alternative approach is to utilize patterns of epigenetic DNA methylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates the specificity of genes being expressed or silenced in cells. Regions in the human genome referred to as tissue-specific differentially methylated regions account for unique patterns of DNA methylation that are specific for each cell type. This chapter addresses the application of bisulfite-modified PCR combined with Pyrosequencing® to detect tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns and perform trace serological analysis. The quantitative nature and precision available with Pyrosequencing presents major advantages in these studies as it permits detection of and contrast between cells with differential levels of methylation. The procedure can be applied to a variety of biological fluids which may be present at crime scenes.

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  A Graphical Solution to the Monmort Matching Problem

  Diego Castano

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  Peaceful Everyday Encounters: Literacy, Community Engagement, and First-Year Programs

  Kelly A. Concannon

  Authored by scholars from a variety of disciplines, including English, Theology, Philosophy, Communications, Sociology, Humanities and Peace Studies, this edited volume provides detailed descriptions of the many ways popular culture can be used to teach peace.
  
  Chapters discuss documentary and feature film, music, television, literature and more, providing both educators and the general public with a timely and useful tool. From popular dystopian novels like The Hunger Games to feature films like The Matrix to modern rap and hip-hop music, contributors not only provide critical analysis of the violence in popular culture but also an assessment of how the same or alternate forms can be used by peace educators. Additionally, each chapter project synopses and teaching ideas, as well as recommended resources.

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  Chapter 11: Social Justice Education through Activism and Advocacy: A Case Study

  Kelly A. Concannon and Laura L. Finley

  The field of peace and conflict studies is rich in secular and faith traditions. At the same time, as a relatively new and interdisciplinary field, it is ripe with innovation. This volume, the first in the series Peace Studies: Edges and Innovations, edited by Michael Minch and Laura Finley of the Peace and Justice Studies Association (PJSA), is edited by top Canadian and US scholars in the field and captures both those traditions and innovations, focusing on enduring questions, organizing and activism, peace pedagogy, and practical applications.

  From the historical focus on disarmament, ending warfare and reducing militarism to the civil rights, women’s rights, and environmental movements, peace activists and pedagogues have long been important agents of social change. Authored by US and Canadian academics, educators, and activists, the chapters in this book demonstrate, how scholars and practitioners in the field are using the important knowledge, skills and values of their foremothers and forefathers to address new issues, integrate new technologies, and make new partners in their efforts to create a more just and humane world.

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  Peace and Social Justice Education on Campus: Faculty and Student Perspectives

  Kelly A. Concannon and Laura L. Finley

  This book provides important reflections by and for peace and social justice educators working on college campuses. Importantly, it also integrates the voices of students. More than a feel-good compilation of success stories, however, it illustrates the complexities inherent in teaching and learning about and for peace and social justice. Chapters in the book provide critical assessments of institutions, pedagogies, and practices, making visible the messy but very real spaces in which education and learning occur. Written by faculty and students from many disciplinary areas, the contributions discuss in-class and outside-of-class actions, providing a deeper understanding of best practices and challenges faced by both groups. Albeit in different ways that are reflective of the many different pedagogical approaches to peace and justice education, each chapter integrates ideas, concepts, and reflections from both faculty and students. The conclusion and appendix offer recommendations for future and additional resources for college and university faculty and students interested in learning more about peace and social justice.

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  Creative Combinations in Peace Education: The Use of Collage and Poetry in Teaching, Researching, and Practicing Peace

  Robin Cooper, Sheryl Chatfield, Elizabeth Holden, and Kelly Macias

  Authored by scholars from a variety of disciplines, including English, Theology, Philosophy, Communications, Sociology, Humanities and Peace Studies, this edited volume provides detailed descriptions of the many ways popular culture can be used to teach peace.
  
  Chapters discuss documentary and feature film, music, television, literature and more, providing both educators and the general public with a timely and useful tool. From popular dystopian novels like The Hunger Games to feature films like The Matrix to modern rap and hip-hop music, contributors not only provide critical analysis of the violence in popular culture but also an assessment of how the same or alternate forms can be used by peace educators. Additionally, each chapter project synopses and teaching ideas, as well as recommended resources.

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  International and Peace Education in the Twenty-first Century: Acknowledging Differences, Optimizing Collaboration

  Cheryl Lynn Duckworth

  The landscape of international education has changed significantly in the last ten years and our understanding of concepts such as ‘international’, 'global' and ‘multicultural’ are being re-evaluated.

  Fully updated and revised, and now including new contributions from research in South East Asia, the Middle East, China, Japan, Australasia, and North America, the new edition of this handbook analyses the origins, interpretations and contributions of international education and explores key contemporary developments, including:

  • internationalism in the context of teaching and learning

  • leadership, standards and quality in institutions and systems of education

  • the promotion of internationalism in national systems

  This important collection of research is an essential resource for anyone involved in the practice and academic study of international education, including researchers and teachers in universities, governmental and private curriculum development agencies, examination authorities, administrators and teachers in schools.

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  Group Selection

  Omar T. Eldakar

  This Encyclopedia is a comprehensive A-Z reference that defines sexuality from a broad biocultural perspective and show the diversity of human sexual behavior and belief systems.

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  Group selection

  Omar Tonsi Eldakar

  [Chapter Abstract] In evolutionary biology, the theory of group selection posits that natural selection occurs at the group level, and thus can influence the evolution of social traits. Natural selection favors traits that confer a fitness advantage to their bearers in the overall population. In social organisms, traits may be favored in the population by bestowing advantages at the group level. For example, when comparing fitness differences within groups, selfishness always beats altruism. However, as selfishness increases in frequency within a group, the average fitness of a group member will plummet in the overall population compared to individuals within more altruistic groups. Therefore, if groups vary in the proportion of altruists, then the differential contribution of groups to the total gene pool can favor altruism despite their selective disadvantage within each group.

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  Chapter 20: Striving for Justice and Peace on Earth, Catholic Peace Initiatives

  Ismael Muvingi

  Peace on Earth: The Role of Religion in Peace and Conflict Studies provides a critical analysis of faith and religious institutions in peacebuilding practice and pedagogy. The work captures the synergistic relationships among faith traditions and how multiple approaches to conflict transformation and peacebuilding result in a creative process that has the potential to achieve a more detailed view of peace on earth, containing breadth as well as depth.
  Library and bookstore shelves are filled with critiques of the negative impacts of religion in conflict scenarios. Peace on Earth: The Role of Religion in Peace and Conflict Studies offers an alternate view that suggests religious organizations play a more complex role in conflict than a simply negative one. Faith-based organizations, and their workers, are often found on the frontlines of conflict throughout the world, conducting conflict management and resolution activities as well as advancing peacebuilding initiatives.

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  This Never Happened to the Other Fellow: On Her Majesty's Secret Service as Bond Woman's Film

  Marlisa Santos

  The release of Skyfall in 2012 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film franchise. It earned over one billion dollars in the worldwide box office and won two Academy Awards. Amid popular and critical acclaim, some have questioned the representation of women in the film. From an aging M to the limited role of the Bond Girl and the characterization of Miss Moneypenny as a defunct field agent, Skyfall develops the legacy of Bond at the expense of women.

  Since Casino Royale (2006) and its sequels Quantum of Solace (2008) and Skyfall constitute a reboot of the franchise, it is time to question whether there is a place for women in the new world of James Bond and what role they will play in the future of series. This volume answers these questions by examining the role that women have historically played in the franchise, which greatly contributed to the international success of the films.

  This academic study constitutes the first book-length anthology on femininity and feminism in the Bond series. It covers all twenty-three Eon productions as well as the spoof Casino Royale(1967), considering a range of factors that have shaped the depiction of women in the franchise, including female characterization in Ian Fleming's novels; the vision of producer Albert R. Broccoli and other creative personnel; the influence of feminism; and broader trends in British and American film and television. The volume provides a timely look at women in the Bond franchise and offers new scholarly perspectives on the subject.

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  Chapter 12: Engineering Cell-to-Cell Communication to Explore Fundamental Questions in Ecology and Evolution

  Robert P. Smith, Lauren Boudreau, and Lingchong You

  Synthetic biology has created countless examples of gene circuits that lead to novel behavior in cells. While the technological applications of these circuits, in terms of their use in medicine, industry, and to study systems biology has been acknowledged, synthetic biology is increasingly used to explore questions in evolution and ecology. Traditionally, evolutionary and ecological studies have taken two separate approaches to address scientific questions. One traditional approach uses mathematical modeling to capture the essential aspects of the dynamic or relationship under study. Research is performed in silico, allowing the researcher to explore multiple parameters in a well-defined system, as compared to studying the relationship in its natural setting. However, predictions generated by mathematical models are often not verified experimentally, leading to questions regarding their validity. On the other hand, studying a single dynamic in a natural setting offers its own set of challenges. Here, the single dynamic of interest may be subject to multiple interacting factors, which may obscure its true contribution to the relationship under study. Synthetic biology thus offers a well-rounded intermediate between these two approaches; modeling predictions are verified in living, experimental systems. This dual approach has allowed for the study of ecological and evolutionary dynamics that would be nearly impossible to study in the natural environment. Indeed, the number of studies that have utilized synthetic biology to study such relationships is growing quickly.

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  Self-management intervention for amputees in a virtual world environment

  Sandra Winkler, Robin Cooper, Kurt Kraiger, Ann Ludwig, Alice Krueger, Ignacio Gaunaurd, Ashley Fisher, John Kairalla, Scott Elliot, Sarah Wilson, and Alberto Esquenazi

  Amputees who feel well-educated about their prosthesis care are more likely to adhere to treatment recommendations and have improved health outcomes. Few studies have tested the efficacy of using virtual worlds as a patient intervention and dissemination environment. The objective of this project was to compare dissemination of a selfmanagement intervention for amputees under two conditions: e-learning and virtual world (SecondLife®). During the development phase, the intervention was developed using Microsoft (MS) PowerPoint® then imported into Articulate e-learning software. Prior to creating the virtual world, the intervention was beta-tested (in Articulate) for content and usability. Focus groups of clinicians and amputees were conducted and the results were analyszed qualitatively. Focus group findings were implemented by editing the MS PowerPoint® and Articulate accordingly. The SL® version of the intervention was created using the edited MS PowerPoint®. Here we concentrate on the focus group findings; the creation of the experimental, SL® condition is in progress in preparation for the clinical trial. Focus group results identified the self-directed structure and video presentation aspects of the intervention as strengths and were less enthusiastic about use of text. Research team experiences, beta-test results, and available technology suggest the need to rethink traditional textual presentation of declarative knowledge in order to meet the needs of the modern learner and create more modern learning environments. More specifically, findings prompted this research team to develop innovative techniques to render typically textual, declarative knowledge in an interactive format.

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  Self-management intervention for amputees in a virtual world environment

  S. L. Winkler, Robin Cooper, K. Kraiger, Alice Krueger, Ignacio Gaunaurd, A Fisher, John Kairalla, J Elliott, S Wilson, and A Esquenazi

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  Chapter 1: Impact of Bandgap on Infrared Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Quaternary Chalcogenides: Cu2CdSnS4, α/β-Cu2ZnSiS4 and Li2CdGeS4

  Jennifer A. Aitken, Jacilynn A. Brant, Daniel J. Clark, Yong Soo Kim, and Joon I. Jang

  In recent years, there is increasing interest in the research on optical fiber nanowires or microfibers (MFs) which are fibers with submicrometer- and nanometer- diameter. The size is tens to thousands of times thinner than the standard optical fiber. With the advantages of large evanescent fields, high nonlinearity, extreme flexibility and configurability and low-loss interconnection to other optical fibers and fiberized components，they have found potential applications in a wide range of fields of optical communications, sensing, lasers, biology and chemistry. This book discusses the fundamentals, applications and technological advances of nonlinear optics.

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  Chapter 13: How World of Warcraft Could Save Your Classroom: Teaching Technical Communication through the Social Practices of MMORPGs

  Melissa Bianchi

  In a 2012 interview with Internet forum Big Think, John Seely Brown, drawing on the work of Huizinga and Juul, stirred up controversy across gaming communities and business publications by claiming that World of Warcraft (WoW) players were preferable job candidates to many professionals who possess Masters degrees in Business Administration. “I would rather hire a high-level World of Warcraft player than an MBA from Harvard,” announced Brown, who suggests that WoW’s advantages for professionalization emerge from its gameplay and organizational structure. Despite the surprise of business and gaming communities alike, Brown’s comments are not entirely novel. At a South by Southwest (SXSW) Interactive panel earlier in 2012, Bing Gordon, Electronic Arts’ chief creative advisor, argued that “If you’re going to build a company, you have to do it like a World of Warcraft guild leader builds guilds” (quoted in McElroy). Both Brown and Gordon similarly note that WoW’s design rewards coordination and cooperation over competition, offering an organizational model that they suggest many companies should learn from and adopt. Moreover, both Brown and Gordon emphasize the skills and abilities that WoW players (especially dedicated players and guild masters) can offer corporate culture because they commonly juggle managerial responsibilities, act as mediators, and assess situational risks during collaborative gameplay.

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  Sticks and Stones Can Break My Bones, but Names Will Never Hurt Me? Approaches to Language Mis(uses) in Schooling

  Kelly A. Concannon

  With school violence on the rise, schools have implemented security safeguards like never before in the form of metal detectors, video cameras, and armed guards. School communities have mixed opinions regarding these drastic prevention measures—many welcome the protection, while some condemn the reminders of violence these tactics evoke. This comprehensive text introduces the history of school violence in the United States, providing an overview of proposed causes—from violent video games, to inadequate parental involvement, to bullying by classmates—and detailing the pros and cons of various deterrents.
  
  Experienced criminologist Laura Finley incorporates personal reflections, primary source data, and profiles of key figures to address the painful reality of school shootings and other violent acts. The text expounds upon the characteristics of victims, individuals who are most likely to carry out violence, and common types of assaults. Chapters include a discussion on current legislation; stories of infamous perpetrators; activists who are working to make schools safer; and school, community, and societal risk factors.

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  Peace and Conflict Studies Research: A Qualitative Perspective

  Robin Cooper and Laura Finley

  This edited book is a new and valuable resource for students, teachers, and practitioners, providing a detailed exploration of how qualitative research can be applied in the field of peace and conflict studies. This book explores considerations and components of designing, conducting, and reporting qualitative research in this field, and also provide exemplars of recent empirical research in peace and conflict studies that employed qualitative methods. Scholars and researchers in peace and conflict studies and peace education face unique challenges in teaching, designing, and conducting qualitative research in these fields. This edited book discusses tips in designing qualitative studies in this area and for teaching emerging peace researchers best practices of qualitative inquiry. In addition, the book discusses some of the trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with research in peace and conflict studies and peace education.
  
  Written at a level appropriate for both graduate students and active researchers, the primary audience for this book is those teaching and learning about the application of qualitative methods to peace and conflict studies, as well as those conducting research in this field. There are currently approximately 230 graduate programs in peace and conflict studies. This book also provides a useful tool for researchers and students in other academic disciplines who are interested in qualitative research. Such disciplines might include education, sociology, criminology, gender studies, psychology, political science, and others.

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  Protein 14-3-3 (YWHA) isoforms and their roles in regulating mouse oocyte maturation

  Santanu De

  The 14-3-3 (YWHA) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein family regulating important cellular processes including cell cycle. This work, for the first time, explored the differential expression and roles of 14-3-3 isoforms during mouse oocyte maturation.
  
  All seven mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms were identified in mouse eggs and ovarian follicular cells including oocytes, by Western blotting. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of all 14-3-3 isoforms in oocytes, eggs and ovarian follicles with characteristic similarities and differences in their distributions.
  
  Mammalian oocytes are arrested at meiosis prophase I by an inhibitory phosphorylation on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase I (CDK1), released by CDC25B phosphatase which is bound and inactivated in phosphorylated form by 14-3-3 in oocyte cytoplasm. Here, in situ Proximity Ligation Assays (PLA) revealed that all 14-3-3 isoforms interact with CDC25B in oocytes, with reduced interactions in eggs. Phosphorylation of CDC25B at Ser-149 was found to be reduced in eggs compared to oocytes. Microinjection of a translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide against 14-3-3eta mRNA caused germinal vesicle breakdown in significantly higher percentage of oocytes compared to oocytes injected with morpholinos targeting other 14-3-3 isoforms. Thus, interaction of 14-3-3eta with CDC25B is required for maintaining prophase I arrest in oocytes.
  
  Protein 14-3-3eta was observed to accumulate and co-localize with alpha-tubulin at both meiosis I and II spindles during mouse oocyte maturation in vivo as well as in vitro. It interacts directly with alpha-tubulin with an accumulation of the interactions at meiotic spindles, detected by in situ PLA. In a significant 76% of mouse oocytes microinjected with the morpholino against 14-3-3eta mRNA, meiotic spindles were deformed or absent with clumped chromosomes, no accumulation of 14-3-3eta and no polar body formation. All control eggs showed normal, bipolar spindles with accumulation of 14-3-3eta. Therefore, 14-3-3eta is essential for normal meiotic spindle formation during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes, in part by interacting with alpha-tubulin, to regulate the assembly of microtubules.
  
  These studies reveal 14-3-3 isoform-specific interactions with key proteins involved in mouse oocyte maturation, such as CDC25B and alpha-tubulin. The results help to elucidate the roles of 14-3-3 proteins in mammalian oogenesis and reproductive development.