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Comparison of functional benefits of self-management training for amputees under virtual world and e-learning conditions
S. L. Winkler, J Kairalla, Robin Cooper, A Hall, M Schlesinger, A Krueger, and A Ludwig
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Yellow-Band Diseases
Andrew Bruckner and Bernhard Riegl
Coral disease is quickly becoming a crisis to the health and management of the world’s coral reefs. There is a great interest from many in preserving coral reefs. Unfortunately, the field of epizootiology is disorganized and lacks a standard vocabulary, methods, and diagnostic techniques, and tropical marine scientists are poorly trained in wildlife pathology, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. Diseases of Coral will help to rectify this situation.
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Disentangling Habitat Concepts for Demersal Marine Fish Management
Sophie A. M. Elliott, Rosanna Milligan, Michael R. Heath, William R. Turrell, and David M. Bailey
Fishing and other anthropogenic impacts have led to declines in many sh stocks and modication of the seabed. As a result, efforts to restore marine ecosystems have become increasingly focused on spatially explicit management methods to protect sh and the habitats they require for survival. This has led to a proliferation of investigations trying to map ‘habitats’ vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts and identify sh resource requirements to meet conservation and management needs. A wide range of habitat-related concepts, with different uses and understandings of the word ‘habitat’ itself has arisen as a consequence. Inconsistencies in terminology can cause confusion between studies, making it difcult to investigate and understand the ecology of sh and the factors that affect their survival. Ultimately, the inability to discern the relationships between sh and their environment clearly can hinder conservation and management measures for sh populations. This review identies and addresses the present ambiguity surrounding denitions of habitat and habitatrelated concepts currently used in spatial management of demersal marine sh populations. The role of spatial and temporal scales is considered, in addition to examples of how to assess sh habitat for conservation and management purposes.
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Peace Education Series Introduction
Laura Finley and Robin Cooper
This book is a guide for college students exploring career options who are interested in working to promote peacebuilding and the resolution of conflict. High school students, particularly those starting to consider college and careers, can also benefit from this book.
A major feature of the book is 30 stories from young professionals, most recently graduated from college, who are working in the field. These profiles provide readers with insight as to strategies they might use to advance their peacebuilding careers.
The book speaks directly to the Millennial generation, recognizing that launching a career is a major focus, and that careers in the peace field have not always been easy to identify. As such, the book takes the approach that most any career can be a peacebuilding career provided one is willing to apply creativity and passion to their work. -
Conclusion: DNA-Based Authentication of Shark Products and Implications for Conservation and Management
Robert H. Hanner, Amanda M. Naaum, and Mahmood Shivji
Given long generation times and relatively slow reproductive rates, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are particularly prone to overexploitation. The unrelenting demand for shark products is unsustainable and many shark fisheries are collapsing. Because of the urgency of addressing this situation, this book concludes with an overview of how DNA-based tools are being deployed for the identification of shark products in commercial trade and summarize the relevance of this information for conservation and management. Advances in reference sequence library construction, population-level identification methods, and instrumentation platforms, together with declining costs of conducting molecular diagnostic tests, will enhance the uptake of these tools for seafood authentication and traceability. However, as this text has demonstrated, they are already improving our ability to monitor patterns of exploitation and yield greater transparency in the industry. The results highlight the urgency of enforcing existing regulations and promoting additional measures to conserve the world's shark fisheries.
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Open Ocean Deep Sea
Jeroen Ingels, Malcolm Clark, Michael Vecchione, Jose A. A. Perez, Lisa A. Levin, Imants G. Priede, Tracey Sutton, Ashley Rowden, C. R. Smith, Moriaki Yasuhara, Andrew K. Sweetman, Thomas Soltwedel, R. S. Santos, Bhavani Narayanaswamy, Henry A. Ruhl, Katsunori Fujikura, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Daniel Jones, Andrew Gates, P. V. R. Snelgrove, Patricio Bernal, and Saskia van Gaever
The deep sea comprises the seafloor, water column and biota therein below aspecified depth contour. There are differences in views among experts and agencies regarding the appropriate depth to delineate the “deep sea”. This chapter uses a 200 metre depth contour as a starting point, so that the “deep sea” represents 63 per cent of the Earth’s surface area and about 98.5 per cent of Earth’s habitat volume (96.5 per cent of which is pelagic). However, much of the information presented in this chapter focuses on biodiversity of waters substantially deeper than 200 m. Many of the other regional divisions of Chapter 36 include treatments of shelf and slope biodiversity in continental-shelf and slope areas deeper than 200m. Moreover Chapters 42 and 45 on coldwater corals and vents and seeps, respectively, and 51 on canyons, seamounts and other specialized morphological habitat types address aspects of areas in greater detail. The estimates of global biodiversity of the deep sea in this chapter do include all biodiversity in waters and the seafloor below 200 m. However, in the other sections of this chapter redundancy with the other regional chapters is avoided, so that biodiversity of shelf, slope, reef, vents, and specialized habitats is assessed in the respective regional or thematic chapters.
AB - The deep sea comprises the seafloor, water column and biota therein below aspecified depth contour. There are differences in views among experts and agencies regarding the appropriate depth to delineate the “deep sea”. This chapter uses a 200 metre depth contour as a starting point, so that the “deep sea” represents 63 per cent of the Earth’s surface area and about 98.5 per cent of Earth’s habitat volume (96.5 per cent of which is pelagic). However, much of the information presented in this chapter focuses on biodiversity of waters substantially deeper than 200 m. Many of the other regional divisions of Chapter 36 include treatments of shelf and slope biodiversity in continental-shelf and slope areas deeper than 200m. Moreover Chapters 42 and 45 on coldwater corals and vents and seeps, respectively, and 51 on canyons, seamounts and other specialized morphological habitat types address aspects of areas in greater detail. The estimates of global biodiversity of the deep sea in this chapter do include all biodiversity in waters and the seafloor below 200 m. However, in the other sections of this chapter redundancy with the other regional chapters is avoided, so that biodiversity of shelf, slope, reef, vents, and specialized habitats is assessed in the respective regional or thematic chapters.
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Chapter 7: Reclaiming Women’s Agency in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies: Women’s Use of Political Space
Ismael Muvingi
The unprecedented United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, established in 2000, radically addressed what we knew about warfare—that civilians and especially women were increasingly targeted—and called for a sea change in the ways women should engage in any rebuilding processes—including conflict management, governance, and peacebuilding efforts. Deconstructing Women, Peace and Security offers a critical review and analysis of many gender-based efforts implemented since 2000, including empowerment policies, strategies, and an in-depth study of four particular cases.
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Microalgae for Energy
Reza Razeghifard
Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances—including their properties, manufacturing, and uses. It also focuses on industrial processes and unit operations in chemical engineering, as well as covering fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. Additionally, environmental and health issues concerning chemical technology are also addressed.
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Cyanobacterial Associated Colored Band Diseases of the Atlantic/Caribbean
Laurie L. Richardson, Aaron W. Miller, Patricia Blackwelder, and Husain Al-Sayegh
Coral disease is quickly becoming a crisis to the health and management of the world’s coral reefs. There is a great interest from many in preserving coral reefs. Unfortunately, the field of epizootiology is disorganized and lacks a standard vocabulary, methods, and diagnostic techniques, and tropical marine scientists are poorly trained in wildlife pathology, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. Diseases of Coral will help to rectify this situation.
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The Evolution of Somali Women's Clothing During Changing Security Contexts
Mary Schwoebel
This chapter explores the relationship between dress, identities and agency in the public realm, and thus contributes to wider feminist debates about women politicians and the politics of dress and gender. It focuses on how Margaret Thatcher used dress to define her political image, draw from her upbringing to adapt and shape her dress, then analyses the different and shifting performances of dress across her life and career. Much feminist analysis of dress in contemporary British politics argues that media focus on women's dress is always damaging and marginalizing. Dress and its relationship with political culture remains an underdeveloped aspect of political sociology, international relations and history. The micro-politics of dress during the interwar years reflected and provoked broader socio-economic changes in British society. Thatcher's dress reflected and embodied her growing power in both domestic and international terms, and defined a particular form of executive style for women.
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The Haunting of a Nation: Ghostly Public Discourses and Jamaican National Trauma
Andrea E. Shaw-Nevins
This book is the logical continuation of a series of collected essays examining the origins and evolution of myths and legends of the supernatural in Western and non-Western tradition and popular culture. The first two volumes of the series, The Universal Vampire: Origins and Evolution of a Legend (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) and Images of the Modern Vampire: The Hip and the Atavistic. (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) focused on the vampire legend. The essays in this collection expand that scope to include a multicultural and multigeneric discussion of a pantheon of supernatural creatures who interact and cross species-specific boundaries with ease. Angels and demons are discussed from the perspective of supernatural allegory, angelic ethics and supernatural heredity and genetics. Fairies, sorcerers, witches and werewolves are viewed from the perspectives of popular nightmare tales, depictions of race and ethnicity, popular public discourse and cinematic imagery. Discussions of the “undead and still dead” include images of death messengers and draugar, zombies and vampires in literature, popular media and Japanese anime.
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General Chemistry 1 Laboratory: CHM 2045L
Patrick Ande, Donna Chamely-Wiik, Beatrix Aukszi, and Jerome E. Haky
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Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Patterns in Forensic Samples Detected by Pyrosequencing®
Joana Antunes, Kuppareddi Balamurugan, George Duncan, and Bruce McCord
In certain circumstances the outcome of a trial may hinge on the ability of a forensic laboratory to determine the identity of biological stains present at crime scenes. An example of such a situation would be the detection of blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, or other body fluid in a specific location whereby its presence would reinforce the victim’s or suspect’s version of the events that happened during the commission of a crime. However, current serological methods used for identifying body fluids may lack the sensitivity and specificity to identify these fluids, particularly for trace levels. New procedures using proteomic methods and RNA-based gene expression show promise in addressing this issue; however, concerns about stability and relative levels of gene expression remain. An alternative approach is to utilize patterns of epigenetic DNA methylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates the specificity of genes being expressed or silenced in cells. Regions in the human genome referred to as tissue-specific differentially methylated regions account for unique patterns of DNA methylation that are specific for each cell type. This chapter addresses the application of bisulfite-modified PCR combined with Pyrosequencing® to detect tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns and perform trace serological analysis. The quantitative nature and precision available with Pyrosequencing presents major advantages in these studies as it permits detection of and contrast between cells with differential levels of methylation. The procedure can be applied to a variety of biological fluids which may be present at crime scenes.
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Creative Combinations in Peace Education: The Use of Collage and Poetry in Teaching, Researching, and Practicing Peace
Robin Cooper, Sheryl Chatfield, Elizabeth Holden, and Kelly Macias
Authored by scholars from a variety of disciplines, including English, Theology, Philosophy, Communications, Sociology, Humanities and Peace Studies, this edited volume provides detailed descriptions of the many ways popular culture can be used to teach peace.
Chapters discuss documentary and feature film, music, television, literature and more, providing both educators and the general public with a timely and useful tool. From popular dystopian novels like The Hunger Games to feature films like The Matrix to modern rap and hip-hop music, contributors not only provide critical analysis of the violence in popular culture but also an assessment of how the same or alternate forms can be used by peace educators. Additionally, each chapter project synopses and teaching ideas, as well as recommended resources. -
International and Peace Education in the Twenty-first Century: Acknowledging Differences, Optimizing Collaboration
Cheryl Lynn Duckworth
The landscape of international education has changed significantly in the last ten years and our understanding of concepts such as ‘international’, 'global' and ‘multicultural’ are being re-evaluated.
Fully updated and revised, and now including new contributions from research in South East Asia, the Middle East, China, Japan, Australasia, and North America, the new edition of this handbook analyses the origins, interpretations and contributions of international education and explores key contemporary developments, including:
- internationalism in the context of teaching and learning
- leadership, standards and quality in institutions and systems of education
- the promotion of internationalism in national systems
This important collection of research is an essential resource for anyone involved in the practice and academic study of international education, including researchers and teachers in universities, governmental and private curriculum development agencies, examination authorities, administrators and teachers in schools.
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Group Selection
Omar T. Eldakar
This Encyclopedia is a comprehensive A-Z reference that defines sexuality from a broad biocultural perspective and show the diversity of human sexual behavior and belief systems.
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Group selection
Omar Tonsi Eldakar
[Chapter Abstract] In evolutionary biology, the theory of group selection posits that natural selection occurs at the group level, and thus can influence the evolution of social traits. Natural selection favors traits that confer a fitness advantage to their bearers in the overall population. In social organisms, traits may be favored in the population by bestowing advantages at the group level. For example, when comparing fitness differences within groups, selfishness always beats altruism. However, as selfishness increases in frequency within a group, the average fitness of a group member will plummet in the overall population compared to individuals within more altruistic groups. Therefore, if groups vary in the proportion of altruists, then the differential contribution of groups to the total gene pool can favor altruism despite their selective disadvantage within each group.
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Chapter 20: Striving for Justice and Peace on Earth, Catholic Peace Initiatives
Ismael Muvingi
Peace on Earth: The Role of Religion in Peace and Conflict Studies provides a critical analysis of faith and religious institutions in peacebuilding practice and pedagogy. The work captures the synergistic relationships among faith traditions and how multiple approaches to conflict transformation and peacebuilding result in a creative process that has the potential to achieve a more detailed view of peace on earth, containing breadth as well as depth.
Library and bookstore shelves are filled with critiques of the negative impacts of religion in conflict scenarios. Peace on Earth: The Role of Religion in Peace and Conflict Studies offers an alternate view that suggests religious organizations play a more complex role in conflict than a simply negative one. Faith-based organizations, and their workers, are often found on the frontlines of conflict throughout the world, conducting conflict management and resolution activities as well as advancing peacebuilding initiatives. -
This Never Happened to the Other Fellow: On Her Majesty's Secret Service as Bond Woman's Film
Marlisa Santos
The release of Skyfall in 2012 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film franchise. It earned over one billion dollars in the worldwide box office and won two Academy Awards. Amid popular and critical acclaim, some have questioned the representation of women in the film. From an aging M to the limited role of the Bond Girl and the characterization of Miss Moneypenny as a defunct field agent, Skyfall develops the legacy of Bond at the expense of women.
Since Casino Royale (2006) and its sequels Quantum of Solace (2008) and Skyfall constitute a reboot of the franchise, it is time to question whether there is a place for women in the new world of James Bond and what role they will play in the future of series. This volume answers these questions by examining the role that women have historically played in the franchise, which greatly contributed to the international success of the films.
This academic study constitutes the first book-length anthology on femininity and feminism in the Bond series. It covers all twenty-three Eon productions as well as the spoof Casino Royale(1967), considering a range of factors that have shaped the depiction of women in the franchise, including female characterization in Ian Fleming's novels; the vision of producer Albert R. Broccoli and other creative personnel; the influence of feminism; and broader trends in British and American film and television. The volume provides a timely look at women in the Bond franchise and offers new scholarly perspectives on the subject.
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Chapter 12: Engineering Cell-to-Cell Communication to Explore Fundamental Questions in Ecology and Evolution
Robert P. Smith, Lauren Boudreau, and Lingchong You
Synthetic biology has created countless examples of gene circuits that lead to novel behavior in cells. While the technological applications of these circuits, in terms of their use in medicine, industry, and to study systems biology has been acknowledged, synthetic biology is increasingly used to explore questions in evolution and ecology. Traditionally, evolutionary and ecological studies have taken two separate approaches to address scientific questions. One traditional approach uses mathematical modeling to capture the essential aspects of the dynamic or relationship under study. Research is performed in silico, allowing the researcher to explore multiple parameters in a well-defined system, as compared to studying the relationship in its natural setting. However, predictions generated by mathematical models are often not verified experimentally, leading to questions regarding their validity. On the other hand, studying a single dynamic in a natural setting offers its own set of challenges. Here, the single dynamic of interest may be subject to multiple interacting factors, which may obscure its true contribution to the relationship under study. Synthetic biology thus offers a well-rounded intermediate between these two approaches; modeling predictions are verified in living, experimental systems. This dual approach has allowed for the study of ecological and evolutionary dynamics that would be nearly impossible to study in the natural environment. Indeed, the number of studies that have utilized synthetic biology to study such relationships is growing quickly.
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Self-management intervention for amputees in a virtual world environment
Sandra Winkler, Robin Cooper, Kurt Kraiger, Ann Ludwig, Alice Krueger, Ignacio Gaunaurd, Ashley Fisher, John Kairalla, Scott Elliot, Sarah Wilson, and Alberto Esquenazi
Amputees who feel well-educated about their prosthesis care are more likely to adhere to treatment recommendations and have improved health outcomes. Few studies have tested the efficacy of using virtual worlds as a patient intervention and dissemination environment. The objective of this project was to compare dissemination of a selfmanagement intervention for amputees under two conditions: e-learning and virtual world (SecondLife®). During the development phase, the intervention was developed using Microsoft (MS) PowerPoint® then imported into Articulate e-learning software. Prior to creating the virtual world, the intervention was beta-tested (in Articulate) for content and usability. Focus groups of clinicians and amputees were conducted and the results were analyszed qualitatively. Focus group findings were implemented by editing the MS PowerPoint® and Articulate accordingly. The SL® version of the intervention was created using the edited MS PowerPoint®. Here we concentrate on the focus group findings; the creation of the experimental, SL® condition is in progress in preparation for the clinical trial. Focus group results identified the self-directed structure and video presentation aspects of the intervention as strengths and were less enthusiastic about use of text. Research team experiences, beta-test results, and available technology suggest the need to rethink traditional textual presentation of declarative knowledge in order to meet the needs of the modern learner and create more modern learning environments. More specifically, findings prompted this research team to develop innovative techniques to render typically textual, declarative knowledge in an interactive format.
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Self-management intervention for amputees in a virtual world environment
S. L. Winkler, Robin Cooper, K. Kraiger, Alice Krueger, Ignacio Gaunaurd, A Fisher, John Kairalla, J Elliott, S Wilson, and A Esquenazi
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Chapter 1: Impact of Bandgap on Infrared Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Quaternary Chalcogenides: Cu2CdSnS4, α/β-Cu2ZnSiS4 and Li2CdGeS4
Jennifer A. Aitken, Jacilynn A. Brant, Daniel J. Clark, Yong Soo Kim, and Joon I. Jang
In recent years, there is increasing interest in the research on optical fiber nanowires or microfibers (MFs) which are fibers with submicrometer- and nanometer- diameter. The size is tens to thousands of times thinner than the standard optical fiber. With the advantages of large evanescent fields, high nonlinearity, extreme flexibility and configurability and low-loss interconnection to other optical fibers and fiberized components，they have found potential applications in a wide range of fields of optical communications, sensing, lasers, biology and chemistry. This book discusses the fundamentals, applications and technological advances of nonlinear optics.
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