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Coral Reefs of the World
Richard E. Dodge (series editor) and Bernhard Riegl (series editor)
Coral Reefs of the World is a series presenting the status of knowledge of the world's coral reefs authored by leading scientists. The volumes are organized according to political or regional oceanographic boundaries. Emphasis is put on providing authoritative overviews of biology and geology, explaining the origins and peculiarities of coral reefs in each region. The information is so organized that it is up to date and can be used as a general reference and entry-point for further study. The series will cover all recent and many of the fossil coral reefs of the world.
Prospective authors and/or editors should consult the Series Editors B.M. Riegl and R.E. Dodge for more details. Any comments or suggestions for future volumes are welcomed:
Dr. Bernhard M. Riegl/Dr. Richard E. Dodge Nova Southeastern University Dania Beach, FL 33004 USA
e-mail: rieglb@nova.edu and dodge@nova.edu
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Coral Reefs of the USA
Bernhard Riegl and Richard E. Dodge
Coral Reefs of the USA provides a complete overview of the present status of knowledge regarding all coral reef areas within the USA and its territories. It is written by the most experienced authorities in their fields and geographic areas. Stretching from the Caribbean to the western Pacific, the coral reefs of the USA span extensive geographic and biotic diversity, occur in a wide variety of geomorphological settings, and provide a representative cross-section of Holocene reef-building. This book will therefore be of broad general interest. For the first time, complete scholarly reviews are given for the geology, geomorphology and the biology of reefs encompassing a vast area stretching from the Mariana Islands in the west, Samoa in the south, Hawaii in the north and the Virgin Isalnds in the east. This book is not a status report, but will provide up-to-date information about stressors and the biotic responses of the reefs, as well as the geological explanations why these reefs exist in the first place. It will be an invaluable baseline-reference for all those who are engaged in research or management of these coral reefs or to those who simply enjoy being well-informed about one fo the most iconic ecosystems of the USA.
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Introduction: A Diversity of Oceans, Reefs, People, and Ideas: A Perspective of US Coral Reef Research
Bernhard M. Riegl and Richard E. Dodge
[Chapter Introduction] By virtue of its geographical extent and the size and wealth of its population, US surveyors and academics entered the scientific coral reef world soon after the study of the latter became of interest. But even earlier, the coral reefs of what are today territories of the USA have been noted and, at least cursorily, studied out of necessity since they were threats to vessels along the trade routes. Also the fossil coral reefs of the USA, of which the country has many famous examples, have received much early study and maybe even more attention than the living coral reefs. They hold a special place in sedimentology and economic geology since some of them are associated with the important oil finds that set off the early twentieth-century oil-boom in places like Texas and Utah. We will not treat these in the present volume, but restrict ourselves to the living coral reefs that can be observed in the ocean today. Recent reviews and entry points to the study of the fossil system can be found, among many others, in Stanley (2001) and Kiessling et al. (2002).
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Geologic Setting and Geomorphology of Coral Reefs in the Mariana Islands (Guam and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands)
Bernhard Riegl, Samuel J. Purkis, Peter Houk, Genevieve Cabrera, and Richard E. Dodge
[Chapter Introduction] These westernmost territories of the United States are where “America’s day begins”, and contain the most diverse coral reefs under the US flag (Randall 1995; Paulay 2003). The Mariana Islands have a long history of dedicated coral reef investigations by international and US researchers begun by Agassiz (1903). Despite having been discovered by the Spanish in 1521, these islands were rarely visited by Westerners due to their isolation. The Spanish used the Marianas as a trade-route stop-over between the Philippines and South America, a history that later attracted others interested in finding treasure. In 1742, Tinian was visited by the British Commodore Anson who became rich and famous after pirating Spanish treasure, and in 1765 and 1767, Byron and Wallis revisited the island in continued search of treasure and territories. Accounts of Anson’s and Byron’s voyages were some of the earliest documentations of the Marianas. In Guam , research received a boost when the USA acquired it from Spain following the Spanish American War , and in the CNMI , when Germany bought the islands in 1899. Coral reef investigations began in 1903 when Agassiz reported about the Marianas in the course of his decade of coral reef expeditions around the world from 1893 to 1902. The German explorer Prowazek, reported on the “raised coral limestones” of the CNMI in 1913. Under Japanese mandate, Sugawara (1934) investigated the coral reefs and Holocene limestones on Rota just prior to the Second World War. At a similar time, Stearns (1937, 1940a, b) reported on Guam’s geology , hydrogeology and drew attention to the erosional notches, which have remained informative features for many subsequent investigation (Shepard et al. 1967; Easton et al. 1978; Kayanne et al. 1993; Dickinson 2000). From these beginnings, perspectives regarding eustacy in the entire Pacific Ocean were gained. After the war, intensive US-funded mapping and geologic research led to a series of United States Geological Survey publications (Cloud et al. 1956; Doan et al. 1960; Tracey et al. 1964). The seventh International Coral Reef Symposium took place in Guam and highlighted carbonate and reef studies in the Marianas, and Siegrist and Randall (1992) provide an informative overview and guide. Another excellent review of geology and hydrogeology is Mink and Vacher (1997). In addition to the raised limestone islands of the southernmost Mariana islands, the archipelago also includes nine emergent, purely volcanic islands.
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Rapid Species Identification of Pelagic Shark Tissues Using Genetic Approaches
Mahmood S. Shivji, Melissa Pank, Lisa Natanson, Kevin E. Kohler, and Michael J. Stanhope
This important and exciting title represents the first authoritative volume focussed on pelagic (open ocean) sharks as a group. Virtually every pelagic shark expert in the world has contributed to this landmark publication which includes the latest data and knowledge on pelagic shark biology, fisheries, management, and conservation.
Pelagic sharks face unprecedented levels of exploitation in all the world's oceans through both direct fisheries and by-catch, and effective management for these species is contingent upon solid science and data, which this book brings together for the first time. All those involved in shark biology will need to have a copy of this book.
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Bioluminescence
Andrey V. Suntsov, Edith A. Widder, and Tracey Sutton
This book is intended as a resource for students and researchers interested in developmental biology and physiology and specifically addresses the larval stages of fish. Fish larvae (and fish embryos) are not small juveniles or adults. Rather they are transitionary organisms that bridge the critical gap between the singlecelled egg and sexually immature juvenile. Fish larvae represent the stage of the life cycle that is used for differentiation, feeding and distribution. The book aims at providing a single-volume treatise that explains how fish larvae develop and differentiate, how they regulate salt, water and acid-base balance, how they transport and exchange gases, acquire and utilise energy, how they sense their environment, and move in their aquatic medium, how they control and defend themselves, and finally how they grow up.
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Crinoidea
J. S. Pearse and Charles Messing
The Fourth Edition of The Light and Smith Manual continues a sixty-five-year tradition of providing to both students and professionals an indispensable, comprehensive, and authoritative guide to Pacific coast marine invertebrates of coastal waters, rocky shores, sandy beaches, tidal mud flats, salt marshes, and floats and docks. This classic and unparalleled reference has been newly expanded to include all common and many rare species from Point Conception, California, to the Columbia River, one of the most studied areas in the world for marine invertebrates. In addition, although focused on the central and northern California and Oregon coasts, this encyclopedic source is useful for anyone working in North American coastal ecosystems, from Alaska to Mexico.
More than one hundred scholars have provided new keys, illustrations, and annotated species lists for over 3,500 species of intertidal and many shallow water marine organisms ranging from protozoans to sea squirts. This expanded volume covers sponges, sea anemones, hydroids, jellyfish, flatworms, polychaetes, amphipods, crabs, insects, snails, clams, chitons, and scores of other important groups. The Fourth Edition also features introductory chapters on marine habitats and biogeography, interstitial marine life, and intertidal parasites, as well as expanded treatments of common planktonic organisms likely to be encountered in near-to-shore shallow waters. -
Midwater Fish Assemblages and Seamounts
Filipe M. Porteiro and Tracey Sutton
Seamounts are ubiquitous undersea mountains rising from the ocean seafloor that do not reach the surface. There are likely many hundreds of thousands of seamounts, they are usually formed from volcanoes in the deep sea and are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least 0.5 km above the seafloor, although smaller features may have the same origin.
This book follows a logical progression from geological and physical processes, ecology, biology and biogeography, to exploitation, management and conservation concerns. In 21 Chapters written by 57 of the world’s leading seamount experts, the book reviews all aspects of their geology, ecology, biology, exploitation, conservation and management. In Section I of this book, several detection and estimation techniques for tallying seamounts are reviewed, along with a history of seamount research.
This book represents a unique and fresh synthesis of knowledge of seamounts and their biota and is an essential reference work on the topic. It is an essential purchase for all fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, marine biologists and ecologists, environmental scientists, conservation biologists and oceanographers. It will also be of interest to members of fish and wildlife agencies and government departments covering conservation and management.
Supplementary material is available at: www.seamountsbook.info
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Ecological Shifts along the Florida Reef Tract: The Past as a Key to the Future
William F. Precht and Steven Miller
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Coral Reefs and Global Change: Extreme Climatic Events and Coral Reefs: How Much Short-Term Threat from Global Change?
Bernhard Riegl
Coral reefs around the world are sustaining massive damage at an alarming rate. Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology provides a uniquely historical perspective on the destruction—through both natural and human processes—of coral reef ecosystems. Chapters applying the principles of geophysics, paleontology, geochemistry, and physical and chemical oceanography supply novel insights into the workings of coral reefs, complementing real-time ecological studies and providing critical information for crafting realistic environmental policy.
By reconstructing the ecological history of coral reefs, the authors are able to evaluate whether or not recent, dramatic changes to reef ecosystems are novel events or part of a long-term trend or cycle. The contributions examine the interacting causes of change, which include hurricane damage, regional outbreaks of coral-consuming predators, disease epidemics, sea-level rise, nutrient loading, global warming and acidification of the oceans. Crucial predictions about the future of coral reefs lead to practical strategies for the successful restoration and management of reef ecosystems. Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology will be of particular interest to students and professionals in ecology and marine biology, including environmental managers.
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Extreme Climatic Events and Coral Reefs: How Much Short-Term Threat from Global Change?
Bernhard Riegl
[Book Description] Coral reefs around the world are sustaining massive damage at an alarming rate. Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology provides a uniquely historical perspective on the destruction - through both natural and human processes - of coral reef ecosystems. Chapters applying the principles of geophysics, paleontology, geochemistry, and physical and chemical oceanography supply novel insights into the workings of coral reefs, complementing real-time ecological studies and providing critical information for crafting realistic environmental policy.
By reconstructing the ecological history of coral reefs, the authors are able to evaluate whether or not recent, dramatic changes to reef ecosystems are novel events or part of a long-term trend or cycle. The contributions examine the interacting causes of change, which include hurricane damage, regional outbreaks of coral-consuming predators, disease epidemics, sea-level rise, nutrient loading, global warming and acidification of the oceans. Crucial predictions about the future of coral reefs lead to practical strategies for the successful restoration and management of reef ecosystems. Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology will be of particular interest to students and professionals in ecology and marine biology, including environmental managers.
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Coral Reef Restoration with Case Studies from Florida
Walter C. Jaap, J. Harold Hudson, Richard E. Dodge, David S. Gilliam, and Richard Shaul
Coral reefs are the 'rain forests' of the ocean, containing the highest diversity of marine organisms and facing the greatest threats from humans. As shallow-water coastal habitats, they support a wide range of economically and culturally important activities, from fishing to tourism. Their accessibility makes reefs vulnerable to local threats that include over-fishing, pollution and physical damage. Reefs also face global problems, such as climate change, which may be responsible for recent widespread coral mortality and increased frequency of hurricane damage. This book, first published in 2006, summarises the state of knowledge about the status of reefs, the problems they face, and potential solutions. The topics considered range from concerns about extinction of coral reef species to economic and social issues affecting the well-being of people who depend on reefs. The result is a multi-disciplinary perspective on problems and solutions to the coral reef crisis.
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The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean: Structure, Dynamics and Applications
Alexander Soloviev and Roger Lukas
The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean provides a comprehensive account of the structure and dynamics of this important component of the ocean. The book develops the relevant physics and thermodynamics in depth. Detailed treatment is given to the surface microlayer, upper-ocean turbulence, fine thermohaline structure, coherent structures, high wind-speed regime, and to practical applications. Results of major air-sea interaction experiments (including those obtained with the participation of the authors) are used in the analysis.
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Human Geography, 9th Edition
Jerome Donald Fellmann, Arthur Getis, Judith Getis, and Barry W. Barker
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Human Geography, 8th edition
Jerome Donald Fellmann, Judith Getis, Arthur Getis, and Barry W. Barker
Barry Barker contributed photographs to this textbook.
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Environmental Studies: Concepts, Connections, and Controversies
Barry W. Barker
An informative softcover resembling an activist approach to environmental science. Covers problems facing us now & the future, & looking at solutions and controversies they create.
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Visual Adaptations in Crustaceans: Chromatic, Developmental, and Temporal Aspects
N. Justin Marshall, Thomas W. Cronin, and Tamara M. Frank
Research on sensory processing or the way animals see, hear, smell, taste, feel and electrically and magnetically sense their environment has advanced a great deal over the last fifteen years. This book discusses the most important themes that have emerged from recent research and provides a summary of likely future directions.
The book starts with two sections on the detection of sensory signals over long and short ranges by aquatic animals, covering the topics of navigation, communication, and finding food and other localized sources. The next section, the co-evolution of signal and sense, deals with how animals decide whether the source is prey, predator or mate by utilizing receptors that have evolved to take full advantage of the acoustical properties of the signal. Organisms living in the deep-sea environment have also received a lot of recent attention, so the next section deals with visual adaptations to limited light environments where sunlight is replaced by bioluminescence and the visual system has undergone changes to optimize light capture and sensitivity. The last section on central co-ordination of sensory systems covers how signals are processed and filtered for use by the animal.
This book will be essential reading for all researchers and graduate students interested in sensory systems. -
Stomiiformes (Dragonfishes and Relatives)
Tracey Sutton
Gale proudly presents the first completely revised and updated version of this acclaimed set in 30 years. Some reviewers call Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia the best reference work on animals ever published. Others call it the legacy left to us by famed zoologist and animal lover, Bernhard Grzimek. The accolades and praise go on for the newest addition to Gale's line of reference titles. The original 13-vol. set, published in Germany in the late 1960s, is internationally renowned for its scientific reporting, coverage and illustrations, and serves as a major point of reference for researchers and students studying the animal kingdom. Thorough articles familiarize readers with animals found everywhere on the globe, detailing their life cycles, predators, food systems, overall ecology and much more. Staying true to the original scientific pedigree, Gale enlisted prominent advisors and contributors from the international scientific community to incorporate recent developments in the animal world. Our new editions of Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia are sure to serve the needs of students at every academic level.
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Introduction to Geography, 8th Edition
Arthur Getis, Judith Getis, Jerome Donald Fellmann, and Barry W. Barker
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Phoenix From the Ashes? Repetitive Mass Mortality and the Biogeology of Southern Arabian Gulf (United Arab Emirates) Coral Systems.
Bernhard Riegl
Biogeological dynamics consist of a combination of community-ecological responses based on individual-species physiological tolerance limits to a dominant environmental stressor and their consequences on carbonate sedimentological properties. This interplay was investigated in coral carpet systems (biostromal coral frameworks) in the southern Arabian Gulf in Abu Dhabi and Dubai (UAE). Five coral assemblages occur in the area: (A) low coral cover, widely spaced Porites lutea (B) high coral cover (biostromal framework), dense Acropora spp. C) low coral cover, widely spaced faviids (D) low coral cover, individual Siderastrea savignyana only (E) high coral cover (biostromal framework), dense Porites harrisoni. Coral community dynamics and the potential for the accretion of reefal limestones was found to be controlled by recurring sea-surface temperature anomalies. The effects of these heating or cooling events are mass mortality of all Acropora species. COADS data and time-series of AVHRR satellite data suggest potential recurrence periods of 11-17 years. Extreme positive SST anomalies only appeared after 1986. These events result in large areas of dead framework with only interspersed live corals (the non-Acropora members in the assemblages). Dead frameworks are intensely biocorroded and break down rapidly. Thus the next generation of framebuilders has to settle on the same substratum as the previous generation and no reef-structure, which would require several generations of corals growing on top of each other, is built. However, since only limited space is available for coral settlement (most of the seabed being sandy), these recurrent mass mortalities of a dominant space-competitor allow competitively weak species to persist in the system and thus maintain diversity. Strong recruitment pulses from surviving pockets of Acropora ensure the survival of this community-component in time.
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Fine Thermohaline Structure and Gas-exchange in the Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean During GasEx-98
Alexander Soloviev, Jim Edson, Wade Mcgillis, Peter Schluessel, and Rik Wanninkhof
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Convection: Convection in the Ocean
Alexander Soloviev and B. Klinger
This authoritative resource covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences―including both theory and applications. Nearly 350 articles and over 1,900 figures and photographs are presented, many in full-color. The Encyclopediais an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. The Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences has been developed alongside the award-winning Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences. Together these references provide readers with a comprehensive resource and a link between these two fields.
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Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 6th edition
William P. Cunningham, Barbara Woodworth Saigo, and Barry W. Barker
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Linkages between the South Florida Peninsula and Coastal Zone: Assessment-Based History of Natural and Anthropogenic Influences
Terry A. Nelsen, Ginger Garte, Charles Featherstone, Harold R. Wanless, John Trefry, Woo-Jun Kang, Simone Metz, Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian, Terri Hood, Peter K. Swart, Geoffrey Ellis, Patricia Blackwelder, Leonore Tedesco, Catherine Slouch, Joseph F. Pachut, and Mike O'Neal
Providing a synthesis of basic and applied research, The Everglades, Florida Bay, and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook takes an encyclopedic look at how to study and manage ecosystems connected by surface and subsurface water movements. The book examines the South Florida hydroscape, a series of ecosystems linked by hydrology in a region of intense human development and profound modifications to the natural environment.
The book presents scientific studies in the South Florida Hydroscape, discusses policy and management by government and nonprofit groups, and explores how the whole watershed approach must be used to successfully protect coral reefs. The contributions range from the traditional to the controversial, questioning current management schemes and summarizing the results of state-of-the-art research.
Billions of dollars, countless man-hours, and innumerable resources have been spent studying the various South Florida ecosystems and how they are linked. The Everglades, Florida Bay, and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook shows you how the principles learned in this region can be applied to other tropical and subtropical hydroscapes.
