Development and Validation of A Home-Based Exercise Program Integrated with Patient Education Based on The Health Belief Model for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors

Amirah Mustapa, International Islamic UniversityFollow
Alia Alghwiri, The University of JordanFollow
Haidzir Manaf, Universiti TeknologiFollow

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a comprehensive approach that integrates an exercise routine with patient education based on the health belief model (HBM) approach to promote effective exercise in this population. Method: A 3-phase study was conducted. In Phase I, two comprehensive scoping reviews were performed to develop the program. An initial draft of the program consisted of exercise protocols and HBM-based education. In Phase II, nine experts were chosen to further develop and refine the program’s content by providing feedback and validating it using the content validity index (CVI) and the Patient Education Material and Assessment Tool (PEMAT). In PHASE III, 15 T2DM patients were invited to evaluate the program instruments using the face validity index (FVI). Results: The program demonstrated excellent content and face validity. The proposed program included the safety sheets related to the exercise and participant booklets. It also consisted of four 60-minute education sessions, with a combination of home-based aerobic and resistance exercises over a 12-week duration. Conclusions: The proposed program shows strong validity for patients with T2DM, making it a promising intervention for primary care and community settings. The inclusion of the HBM as a theoretical underpinning contributes to understanding exercise behavior and enhances the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention.

Author Bio(s)

Amirah Mustapa, MSc, is a Physiotherapy Lecturer in the International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia. She is also a licensed physiotherapist in Malaysia.

Alia Alghwiri, PhD, is a luminary in Rehabilitation Sciences. She is also a Professor in the University of Jordan, Jordan.

Haidzir Manaf, PhD, is a senior Physiotherapy Lecturer in the Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia. He is also a president of Malaysian Physiotherapy Association (MPA).

Acknowledgements

The authors express gratitude to the panel of experts for their critical review and validation of the program. Additionally, appreciation is extended to the medical doctors and participating investigators who supplied the list name of eligible participants for face validation.

Recommended Citation

Mustapa A, Alghwiri A, Manaf H. Development and Validation of A Home-Based Exercise Program Integrated with Patient Education Based on The Health Belief Model for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice. 2025 Jan 17;23(1), Article 9.