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Chapter Six - Population fluctuations of the fungiid coral Cycloseris curvata, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Joshua Feingold and Brandon A. Brule
Fungiid corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) occur at isolated locations scattered throughout the eastern tropical Pacific. They can be reef-associated but are often found on sand and rubble substrata distant from reef coral habitat. Cycloseris curvata is known in this region from the southern Gulf of California, through Mexico, Costa Rica, and Panamá, and with the southern-most populations occurring in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. During Archipelago-wide surveys (1988–2019), living individuals of Cycloseris curvata were observed at only two locations, Devil's Crown (near Floreana Island) and Xarifa Island (near Española Island). The Devil's Crown population was observed from 1988 to 2017, whereas living individuals in the Xarifa population were observed from 2005 to 2009. In 2012 a death assemblage (dead skeletons) was discovered at Darwin Island, at the northern-most extent of the Archipelago. At Devil's Crown, visual surveys were performed annually or biennially from 1990 to 2012, with two more surveys in 2017 and 2019. The living Cycloseris curvata population consisted of 15 individuals in 1990 that gradually increased to 78 individuals by 1995. Over 200 individuals were observed in 1996, and high numbers persisted through 1998 with 335 individuals. Live tissue surface area per polyp ranged from 0.5 to 95.0 cm2. The population decreased to 112 individuals in 1999 (following warming associated with the 1997–98 El Niño), with further declines to 20 in 2009 (following cooling associated with the 2007 La Niña) and a rebound to 91 in 2012. After a 5y break in data collection, only one individual (28.3 cm2) was observed in 2017, and in 2019 none were observed. Although undetected living Cycloseris curvata populations may exist, and renewed recruitment provides some hope for population reestablishment, it is possible that this fungiid coral species is now extirpated from the Galápagos Archipelago.
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Chapter 14: Ethnic Enclaves in a Time of Plague: A Comparative Analysis of New York City and Chicago
Amanda Furiasse and Sher Afgan Tareen
Book Description:
The COVID-19 pandemic was not a great ‘equaliser’, but rather an event whose impact intersected with pre-existing inequalities affecting different people, places, and geographic scales. Nowhere is this more apparent than in housing.
Written by an international group of experts, this book casts light on how the virus has impacted the experience of home and housing through the lens of wider urban processes around transportation, land use, planning policy, racism, and inequality. Case studies from around the world examine issues around gentrification, housing processes, design, systems, finance and policy.
Offering crucial insights for reforming cities to be more resilient to future crises, this is an invaluable resource for scholars and policy makers alike.
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RNA-seq Data Analysis for Differential Expression
Navdeep Gill and Braham Dhillon
Changes in the surrounding environment are mirrored by changes in the transcript profile of an organism. In the case of a plant pathogen, host colonization would be a challenge that triggers changes in transcript expression patterns. Determining the transcriptional profile could provide valuable clues on how an organism responds to defined stimuli, in this case, how a pathogen colonizes its host. Several robust data analysis methods and pipelines are available that can identify these differentially expressed transcripts. In this chapter we outline the steps and other caveats that are needed to run one such pipeline.
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Advances in Artificial Systems for Logistics Engineering
Zhengbing Hu, Qingying Zhang, Sergey Petoukhov, and Matthew He
This book comprises high-quality refereed research papers presented at the 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Logistics Engineering (ICAILE2021), held in Kyiv, Ukraine, on 22–24 January 2021, organized jointly by Wuhan University of Technology, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and the International Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science. The topics discussed in the book include state-of-the-art papers in artificial intelligence and logistics engineering. It is an excellent source of references for researchers, graduate students, engineers, management practitioners and undergraduate students interested in artificial intelligence and their applications in logistics engineering.
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Stories of Becoming: Demystifying the Professoriate for Graduate Students in Composition and Rhetoric
Claire Lutkewitte, Juliette Kitchens, and Molly J. Scanlon
Based on findings from a multiyear, nationwide study of new faculty in the field of rhetoric and composition, Stories of Becoming provides graduate students—and those who train them—with specific strategies for preparing for a career in the professoriate. Through the use of stories, the authors invite readers to experience their collaborative research processes for conducting a nationwide survey, qualitative interviews, and textual analysis of professional documents.
Using data from the study, the authors offer six specific strategies—including how to manage time, how to create a work/life balance, and how to collaborate with others—that readers can use to prepare for the composition and rhetoric job market and to begin their careers as full-time faculty members. Readers will learn about the possible responsibilities they may take on as new faculty, particularly those that go beyond teaching, research, service, and administration to include navigating the politics of higher education and negotiating professional identity construction. And they will also engage in activities and answer questions designed to deepen their understanding of the field and help them identify their own values and desired career trajectory.
Stories of Becoming demystifies the professoriate, compares what current new faculty have to say of their job expectations with the realities that students might face when on the job, and brings to light the invisible, behind-the-scenes work done by new faculty. It will be invaluable to graduate students, those who teach graduate students, new faculty, and hiring administrators in composition and rhetoric.
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Arm Postures in Living Crinoids
David L. Meyer, Margaret Veitch, Charles G. Messing, and Angela Stevenson
This section provides an overview of a newly proposed classification of arm postures for crinoids both living and extinct (Messing et al., in review) for the online, revised volume of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The order of posture types in the video follows the submitted article, which includes many still images in color and black and white, as well as line drawings. The videos were gathered from a variety of sources and are mostly from deep water. Some of the crinoids featured have only recently been observed in the wild and photographed for the first time. Brief descriptions of each posture type, taxa, depth, location, and source follow for each clip.
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Expanding Instructional Contexts: Why Student Backgrounds Matter to Online Teaching and Learning
Catrina Mitchum, Marcela Hebbard, and Janine Morris
[Book Description]
English Studies Online: Programs, Practices, Possibilities represents a collection of essays by established teacher-scholars across English Studies who offer critical commentary on how they have worked to create and sustain high-impact online programs (majors, minors, certificates) and courses in the field. Ultimately, these chapters explore the programs and classroom practices that can help faculty across English Studies to think carefully and critically about the changes that online education affords us, the rich possibilities such courses and programs bring, and some potential problems they can introduce into our department and college ecologies. By highlighting both innovative pedagogies and hybrid methods, the authors in our collection demonstrate how we might engage these changes more productively.
Divided into three interrelated conversations — practices, programs, and possibilities — the essays in this collection demonstrate some of the innovative pedagogical work going on in English departments around the United States in order to highlight how both hybrid and fully online programs in English Studies can help us to more meaningfully and purposefully enact the values of a liberal arts education. This collection serves as both a cautionary history of teaching practices and programs that have developed in English Studies and a space to support faculty and administrators in making the case for why and how humanities disciplines can be important contributors to digital teaching and learning. -
Chapter 11: Political Economy and Transitional Justice
Ismael Muvingi
[Book Description]
Transitional justice is the way societies that have experienced civil conflict or authoritarian rule and widespread violations of human rights deal with the experience. With its roots in law, transitional justice as an area of study crosses various fields in the social sciences. This book is written with this multi- and inter-disciplinary dynamic of the field in mind.
The book presents the broad scope of transitional justice studies through a focus on the theory, mechanisms and debates in the area, covering such topics as:
- The origin, context and development of transitional justice
- Victims, victimology and transitional justice
- Prosecutions for abuses and gross violations of human rights
- Truth commissions
- Transitional justice and local justice
- Gender, political economy and transitional justice
- Apology, reconciliation and the politics of memory
Offering a discussion of the impact and outcomes of transitional justice, this approach provides valuable insight for those who seek both an introduction alongside relatively advanced engagement with the subject.
Transitional Justice: Theories, Mechanisms and Debates is an important text for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students who take courses in transitional justice, human rights and criminal law, as well as a systematic reference text for researchers.
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Biology 1500 Laboratory Manual
Jane Nyugen, Drew W. Mertzlufft, Sarah G. Koerner, Kevin Corneille, Aarti Raja, and Emily Schmitt
2nd Edition
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(Not So) “Vicious and Depraved”: Ida Lupino's Portraits of Men
Marlisa Santos
Ida Lupino, Filmmaker begins with an exploration of biographical studies and analytical treatments of Lupino's film and television work as director, moving forward to assess Lupino's career in film and television with particular attention given to Lupino's singular, pioneering achievements and her role(s) within the cultural milieu(s) of her time, particularly the representation of women in cinema. Each chapter includes a close analysis of the film or television work with insights drawn from film history and cultural/gender studies to demonstrate that Lupino was a significant directorial figure in the development of film, especially in the late 1940s and early 1950s-and in television extending well into the 1960s. Lupino left her imprint on filmmaking and her canon of film and television work continue to influence Hollywood movie making.
The contributors to this volume assess Lupino's main strengths as a filmmaker-her treatment of narrative movement, plotting, dialogue, gender roles, and uses of tradition representations of men and women in frames of parody and satire. The book collectively examines the successes (and failures) of Lupino's directorial career, including focusing on the reasons why she initially proved to be so strategic to the progress of women behind the camera. -
Conflicts and Natural Disasters
Mary Schwoebel and Erin McCandless
Scholarly, policy, and practitioner efforts to understand the nexus between conflicts and natural disasters and to seek integrated ways to address them abound. As both conflicts and natural disasters have been increasing in intensity and frequency worldwide, awareness has grown about the devastating and unsustainable human and financial costs. Increasing inequalities between and within countries exacerbate these consequences for those who can least afford them. This entry examines the various manifestations of the relationship between conflict and disaster, and the ways in which they intersect and interact.
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Chapter One - The mechanisms and cell signaling pathways of programmed cell death in the bacterial world
Robert Smith, Ivana Barraza, Rebecca J. Quinn, and Marla Fortoul
While programmed cell death was once thought to be exclusive to eukaryotic cells, there are now abundant examples of well regulated cell death mechanisms in bacteria. The mechanisms by which bacteria undergo programmed cell death are diverse, and range from the use of toxin-antitoxin systems, to prophage-driven cell lysis. Moreover, some bacteria have learned how to coopt programmed cell death systems in competing bacteria. Interestingly, many of the potential reasons as to why bacteria undergo programmed cell death may parallel those observed in eukaryotic cells, and may be altruistic in nature. These include protection against infection, recycling of nutrients, to ensure correct morphological development, and in response to stressors. In the following chapter, we discuss the molecular and signaling mechanisms by which bacteria undergo programmed cell death. We conclude by discussing the current open questions in this expanding field.
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Radiant Figures: Visual Rhetorics in Everyday Administrative Contexts
Julia Voss, Heather Noel Turner, Derek Mueller, Ryan J. Dippre, Kate Lisbeth Pantelides, Jacie Castle, Katherine Thach Musick, David S. Martins, Laurence José, Rachel Gramer, Natalie Szymanski, Jacob W. Craig, Chris Warnick, Jamie White-Farnham, Andrew Lucchesi, Logan Bearden Dr., Louise Wetherbee Phelps, Diana George, Kathleen Blake Yancey, Amy Ferdinandt Stolley, Jason Palmeri, Heidi Estrem, and Annette Vee
Radiant Figures: Visual Rhetorics in Everyday Administrative Contexts presents an approach to writing program administration that understands, accounts for, and embraces the rhetorical potential in the creation and circulation of everyday visual artifacts. This edited collection shares visuals (representations of curricula, visual metaphors for administrative work, graphics representing student demographics, etc.) created by contributors within their own contexts, for their own purposes. Each of the twelve chapters included in the collection discusses the visual-rhetorical strategies utilized in the invention of such graphics and highlights the affordances of visuals as administrative tools.
Additionally, Radiant Figures has two hallmark features. The first is a table of contents that offers seven polyvocal paths, and each chapter in the collection is featured in at least two of the paths. These paths, such as “Mapping in/as Administration” and “Visualizing Change,” emphasize the complex and overlapping nature of visual administrative work. Second, each path includes a response from an experienced administrator-scholar in writing studies. These responses draw connections, highlight promising questions, and speculate about possibilities for the update and adaptation of everyday visual artifacts. The collection presents a compelling case for the advantages of visual-rhetorical administrative strategies and offers concrete ways that readers can take up those strategies in their own contexts.
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Chapter 6C: Fishes
Thomas J. Webb, Maria Jose Juan-Jordá, Hiroyuki Motomura, Franciso Navarrete-Mier, Henn Ojaveer, Hazel A. Oxenford, Chul Park, Clive Roberts, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Tracey Sutton, and Michael Thorndyke
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The Crowdsourced Panopticon: Conformity and Control on Social Media
Jeremy Weissman
Behind the omnipresent screens of our laptops and smartphones, a digitally networked public has quickly grown larger than the population of any nation on Earth. On the flipside, in front of the ubiquitous recording devices that saturate our lives, individuals are hyper-exposed through a worldwide online broadcast that encourages the public to watch, judge, rate, and rank people’s lives. The interplay of these two forces - the invisibility of the anonymous crowd and the exposure of the individual before that crowd - is a central focus of this book. Informed by critiques of conformity and mass media by some of the greatest philosophers of the past two centuries, as well as by a wide range of historical and empirical studies, Weissman helps shed light on what may happen when our lives are increasingly broadcast online for everyone all the time, to be judged by the global community.
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Problems in Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory
Fuzhen Zhang
This is the revised and expanded edition of the problem book Linear Algebra: Challenging Problems for Students, now entitled Problems in Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory. This new edition contains about fifty-five examples and many new problems, based on the author's lecture notes of Advanced Linear Algebra classes at Nova Southeastern University (NSU-Florida) and short lectures Matrix Gems at Shanghai University and Beijing Normal University.
The book is intended for upper division undergraduate and beginning graduate students, and it can be used as text or supplement for a second course in linear algebra. Each chapter starts with Definitions, Facts, and Examples, followed by problems. Hints and solutions to all problems are also provided.
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Lost in the Woods: Procedurality and the Uncanny in The Legend of Zelda Series
Melissa Bianchi
The essay discusses the trope of being lost in the woods as an instructive example of how game design can simulate the uncanny. It draws primarily on Ian Bogost’s concept of procedurality and Alexander Galloway’s theorization of gamic actions to analyse how the Nintendo game series The Legend of Zelda creates the uncanny qualities of its Lost Woods environments. It shows how the processes and actions involved in occupying and leaving the Lost Woods often entail a deliberate blurring of the game’s diegetic and nondiegetic aspects. For first-time players unfamiliar with the game’s procedures, this disorienting confusion between the game world and the world outside of it creates an experience of the uncanny. The game blurs the material and the supernatural since it is the material hardware and software that evoke ideas traditionally linked to the uncanny. Moreover, the essay demonstrates how the connotations of death that Freud associated with uncanny experience find concrete expression in players’ encounters with nonplayer characters that inhabit the woods as such encounters emphasize the main character’s fight for survival. The player’s choice to continue playing the games, especially after the avatar’s death, subverts the uncanny by underscoring the material artifice of the game’s programming. It is this conjuration and undermining of the uncanny that epitomizes how the trope of being lost in the woods is procedurally represented in specific game spaces.
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The ‘Gud,’ the Bad, and the Biorg: Reading Posthumanist and Postanimal Critiques in We3
Melissa Bianchi
Exploring image and imagination in conjunction with natural environments, the animal, and the human, this collection of essays turns the ecocritical and ecocompositional gaze upon comic studies. The comic form has a long tradition of representing environmental rhetoric. Through discussions of comics including A.D.: New Orleans After the Deluge, We3, Concrete, and Black Orchid, these essays bring the rich work of ecological criticism into dialogue with the multi-faceted landscape of comics, graphic novels, web-comics, cartoons, and animation. The contributors ask not only how nature and environment are portrayed in these texts but also how these textual forms inform how we come to know nature and environment–or what we understand those terms to represent. Interdisciplinary in approach, this collection welcomes diverse approaches that integrate not only ecocriticism and comics studies, but animal studies, posthumanism, ecofeminism, queer ecology, semiotics, visual rhetoric and communication, ecoseeing, image-text studies, space and spatial theories, writing studies, media ecology, ecomedia, and other methodological approaches.
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Hankel Tournaments and Special Oriented Graphs
Richard Brualdi and Lei Cao
[Chapter Abstract]
A Hankel tournament T of order n (an n × n Hankel tournament matrix T = [tij]) is a tournament such that i → j an edge implies (n + 1 − j) → (n + 1 − i) is also an edge (tij = tn+1−j,n+1−i) for all i and j. Hankel tournament matrices are (0, 1)-matrices which are combinatorially antisymmetric about the main diagonal and symmetric about the Hankel diagonal (the antidiagonal). Locally transitive tournaments are tournaments such that the in-neighborhood and the out-neighborhood of each vertex are transitive. Tournaments form a special class of oriented graphs. The score vectors of Hankel tournaments and of locally transitive tournaments have been characterized where each score vector of a locally transitive tournament is also a score vector of a Hankel tournament. In this paper we continue investigations into Hankel tournaments and locally transitive tournaments. We investigate Hankel cycles in Hankel tournaments and show in particular that a strongly connected Hankel tournament contains a Hankel Hamilton cycle and, in fact, is Hankel “even-pancyclic” or Hankel “odd-pancyclic.” We show that a Hankel score vector can be achieved by a Hankel “half-transitive” tournament, extending the corresponding result for score vectors of tournaments. We also consider some results on oriented graphs and the question of attainability of prescribed degrees by oriented graphs. Finally, we extend some results on 2-tournaments to Hankel 2-tournaments. In some instances we rely on the reader to extend arguments already in the literature. We illustrate our investigations with many examples.
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Introduction: Moving Forward with Style
Paul Butler, Brian Ray, and Star Vanguri
[Book Description] Style and the Future of CompositionStudies explores style’s potential for informing how students are taught to write well and its power as a tool for analyzing the language and discourse practices of writers and speakers in a range of contexts.
Many college writing teachers operate under the belief that style still refers primarily to the kinds of issues discussed in Strunk and White’s popular but outdated book The Elements of Style. This work not only challenges this view but also offers theories and pedagogies from diverse perspectives that help teachers and students develop strategic habits and mindsets to negotiate languages, genres, and discourse conventions. The chapters explore the ways in which style directly affects—and is affected by—multiple sources of shifting disciplinary inquiry, contributing new insights by drawing on research in cultural studies, sociolinguistics, discourse studies, translingualism, and writing across the curriculum, as well as new approaches to classical rhetorical theory.
The reemergence of stylistic inquiry can be used dynamically to produce new insights not only about emerging disciplinary interests but also about the study of style as a kind of language in and of itself. Style and the Future of Composition Studies demonstrates that style deserves to be a central focus of writing teaching. More than just the next style collection, the book advocates for style’s larger prominence in composition discussions generally. It will be of interest to a broad range of students and scholars of writing studies, as well as a wider set of readers in academe. -
Chapter 8: Biophysical model of coral population connectivity in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Geórgenes Cavalcante, Filipe Vieira, Jonas Mortensen, Radhouane Ben-Hamadou, Pedro Range, Elizabeth A. Goergen, Edmo Campos, and Bernhard M. Riegl
The coral reef ecosystems of the Arabian/Persian Gulf (the Gulf) are facing profound pressure from climate change (extreme temperatures) and anthropogenic (land-use and population-related) stressors. Increasing degradation at local and regional scales has already resulted in widespread coral cover reduction. Connectivity, the transport and exchange of larvae among geographically separated populations, plays an essential role in recovery and maintenance of biodiversity and resilience of coral reef populations. Here, an oceanographic model in 3-D high-resolution was used to simulate particle dispersion of “virtual larvae.” We investigated the potential physical connectivity of coral reefs among different regions in the Gulf. Simulations reveal that basin-scale circulation is responsible for broader spatial dispersion of the larvae in the central region of the Gulf, and tidally-driven currents characterized the more localized connectivity pattern in regions along the shores in the Gulf's southern part. Results suggest predominant self-recruitment of reefs with highest source and sink ratios along the Bahrain and western Qatar coasts, followed by the south eastern Qatar and continental Abu Dhabi coast. The central sector of the Gulf is suggested as recruitment source in a stepping-stone dynamics. Recruitment intensity declined moving away from the Straits of Hormuz. Connectivity varied in models assuming passive versus active mode of larvae movement. This suggests that larval behaviour needs to be taken into consideration when establishing dispersion models, and establishing conservation strategies for these vulnerable ecosystems.
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Exploring the Benefits of Mindset and Literacy to Engage in Acts of Peace and Social Justice Education
Kelly A. Concannon and Monique Scoggin
Drawing from many disciplinary areas, this edited volume shares tools, techniques and ideas for engaging college students in difficult discussions. From sexual violence to race to poverty and more, chapters in the book present useful strategies as well as limitations in creating safe classroom spaces. Ideal for peace and justice educators, this volume also includes the voices of students in every chapter.
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Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Education
Santanu De
Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been one of the most dreaded, recent pandemics impacting multifarious global sectors, including education. To control contagion, affected nations ordered academic campus closures and home-schooling plans. Schools, colleges, and universities underwent a paradigm shift adopting internet-based delivery of lectures, synchronously or asynchronously (recorded), with virtual labs. Medical education suffered significantly; suspending student internships in hospitals decreased practical exposure to clinical specialties, impairing students’ performance, and competency.Teachers of traditional classes, with technical assistance, undertook rigorous trainings to restructure pedagogical and assessment strategies online using web/mobile applications and other digital tools.
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