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  Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Clinical Practice

  Melanie M. Iarussi

  Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Clinical Practice shows counseling and other mental health professionals how the theoretical bases and evidence-based practices of motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) can be used together to maximize client outcomes.

  Chapters outline effective methods for integrating MI and CBT and show how these can be applied to clients in a diverse range of mental health, substance use and addiction, and correctional settings. Written in a clear and applicable style, the text features case studies, resources for skill development, and "Voices From the Field" sections, as well as chapters devoted to specific topics such as depression, anxiety, and more.

  Building on foundational frameworks for integrative practice, this is a valuable resource for counseling and psychotherapy practitioners looking to incorporate MI and CBT into their clinical practices.

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  Abraham Low

  Jason Jimenez, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Dr. Abraham Low (1891–1954) was a Jewish-American psychiatrist and a pioneer in the treatment of mental disorders through self-help programs. He is known for founding Recovery, Inc., a self-help organization that is designed, in part, to fight against the stigma of mental illness. Dr. Low criticized the work of Freud, rejecting the psychoanalytic doctrine both as a therapeutic technique and ideology. He affirmed his belief that human conduct is not a result of unconscious drives but rather directed by personal will.

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  Forms of Parenting

  Jason Jimenez, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Parenting styles represent the different strategies that parents use when raising their children. Clinical and developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind believed there were two basic dimensions to parenting: warmth and control. Baumrind identified three parenting styles: Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles based on these two dimensions. Her work was later expanded by Maccoby and Martin to include neglectful parenting.

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  Groups and Development

  Jason Jimenez, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Peer interactions often occur in groups. Children spend an increasing amount of time in these groups as they age. Preschoolers begin to interact with each other around playsets, although these early social groups are loosely organized. It is not until they reach school age that children begin to feel as though they are true members of a peer group. A peer group interacts on a regular basis, provides a sense of belonging, has implicit or explicit norms, and has a hierarchical order. Within these groups, social status becomes important, with some members being more popular and having a greater social impact than others.

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  Social Groups and Development

  Jason Jimenez, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Children spend an increasing amount of time in social groups as they age. Preschoolers begin to interact with their peers around playsets, though at this stage, these early social groups are loosely organized. It is not until they reach school age that children begin to feel as true members of a peer group. A peer group interacts on a regular basis, provides a sense of belonging, has implicit or explicit norms, and has a hierarchical order. Within these groups, social status becomes important, with some members being more popular and having a greater social impact than others.

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  Social Rejection

  Jason Jimenez, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  People conform to gain social acceptance and avoid rejection. It is believed that people carry a strong, instinctive need to form social bonds and avoid the consequences of rejection. Even individuals who prefer to be alone still tend to have a few close friends. Rejection is one of the main obstacles faced by many individuals in their attempts to fulfill this need. Being rejected by social groups can be distressing to the individual, as the consequences of rejection can be catastrophic. However, those who feel rejected can also behave in a manner that can either strengthen their remaining social bonds or that aims to create new ones.

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  Singlehood

  Molly B. Keith, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Singlehood is defined as a state of being unmarried, either with or without a partner. For some singlehood is a choice to remain unmarried as an adult, or it can be a stage that is passed through temporarily when a spouse dies, or even when an adult is between partners. Singlehood is experienced differently depending on which of those groups a person finds themselves in or chooses to be part of. The experience is also varied by a person’s cultural and ethnic heritage. People in both the married group and the unmarried group are able to identify benefits and drawbacks to being in their respective group. Often times they also fantasize about being in the other group. Whichever the case may be, singlehood can be both rewarding and frustrating, enlightening and lonely. However, some would say the same about marriage.

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  Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Trends, Risk Factors and Interventions

  Tom D. Kennedy, David B. Detullio, and Danielle Horrigan Millen

  This brief explores the current theories, trends, risk factors, and intervention efforts related to juvenile crime. Although arrest rates for juveniles in the US have declined over the last two decades, the amount of severe crimes warrants increased examination as the US reports higher rates than most other developed countries. The authors examine individual, family, and environmental risk and protective factors for juvenile crime, while considering the need for better integration of treatment into critically at-risk areas of the community. Covering notable topics of interest for researchers and public policy makers alike, this brief provides an overview of factors and trends related to juvenile crime, aiming to support more effective, evidence-based treatment and prevention.

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  Andreas Demetriou

  Benjamin Lowry, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Andreas Demetriou was born August 15th, 1950 in Stongylo, Famagusta, Cyprus. Demetriou attended the University of Thessaloniki and obtained a Ph.D. in psychology in 1983. After completing his doctoral degree he was a professor of developmental and educational psychology at the University of Thessaloniki until 1996. Demetriou then became a professor at the University of Cyprus, serving in various leadership positions from 1996 to 2008, including chairing the Department of Educational Science and serving as dean for the School of Humanities and Social Sciences and dean of the School of Social Sciences and Sciences of Education. He also became the founding president of the Interim Governing Board of the Cyprus University of Technology.

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  Kieran Egan

  Benjamin Lowry, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Kieran Egan was born in 1942 in Clomel, Ireland. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1966 from the University of London. After graduating he was employed at the Institute for Comparative Studies in Kingston upon Thames as a research fellow. Egan then began a Ph.D. program in philosophy of education from Stanford Graduate School of Education, but after two years he transferred to Cornell University and completed his degree in 1972. He then worked at Simon Frasier University as a professor of education.

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  Michael Rutter

  Benjamin Lowry, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Michael Rutter was born August 15th, 1933 to Winifred and Llewellyn Rutter in Lebanon, where his father was working as a doctor. He returned with his parents to England when he was 3-years-old. In 1940, at the age of 6-years-old, Rutter and his younger sister were evacuated to North America due to fear of German invasion of the British Isles. He and his sister were taken in by different families in the United States and only living together a few months near the end of their four year stay abroad. Rutter denied feeling separated from his parents during his stay abroad, indicating that his parents wrote letters regularly.

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  Stages of Labor

  Ashleigh Lupton, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Labor, or the process through which a baby is born, is separated into three primary stages. The first stage begins at the onset of labor and ends when the cervix reaches a 10-centimeter dilation. This first stage is comprised of three sub-stages: early labor, active labor, and transition. The early labor phase begins at the onset of labor and ends when the women’s cervix is 3 centimeters dilated. This phase generally takes place over 8-12 hours at which point the cervix begins to open up (i.e., dilate) and thin out. During this phase, contractions, which are the uterine muscles tightening and releasing, begin to occur and take place in intervals. The contractions in this phase are approximately 30-45 seconds with anywhere between a few minutes to half of an hour in between. At this point, the contractions are generally mild and variable, but will become increasingly frequent and intense.

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  Grandparenthood

  Ronald Okolichany, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  The transition from parenthood into grandparenthood is a normative experience for a majority of individuals and typically occurs in middle age. However, this transition is not uncommon for individuals over 65 or under 55. An individual’s first experience with grandparenthood generally occurs in childhood, when they interact with their grandparents as grandchildren. Initially, the bond between grandparents and grandchildren is mediated by the parents. However, over time the relationship between the two becomes more direct.

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  Sibling Relationships in Old Age

  Ronald Okolichany, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  The relationship between siblings is unique among family relationships in that sibling relationships have a dimension of equality. In other words, they do not necessarily share the same obligations toward each other as a married partners or parents and child may, especially in Western cultures. Durkheim (1933) described sibling relationships as a “mechanical” bond rather than an “organic” bond, which would better characterize a complimentary relationship, such as that between married partners or a parent and child. This mechanical bond results in ambivalence and rivalry towards one another during childhood and early adulthood, as siblings are often forced to compete for parental attention and resources, as well as contend with differences in varying levels of privilege and responsibility. However, over the course of the lifetime, and especially in older age, sibling bonds often move towards a less competitive relationship.

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  Speech (Building Blocks)

  Ronald Okolichany, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  The building blocks of language begin with the smallest distinguishable unit, the phoneme, and grow in complexity to convey meaning within a specific social context. The study of meaning is known as semantics. According to Kellogg (2003), the goal of semantic theories is to explain how individuals form mental representations of words and thus derive meaning from them. The smallest distinguishable unit of speech is the phoneme. A phoneme is essentially a unique speech sound, or phonological segment, that can alter the meaning of a word. For instance, if you examine the words “pat” and “cat” you will notice that the difference in meaning for each word is determined by the initial phoneme. The brain must be able to process these subtle differences in spoken language very quickly, as the typical rate of speech production involves approximately 12 phonological segments per second (Fodor, 1983).

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  Addictions Counseling

  Cynthia J. Osborn and Melanie M. Iarussi

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  Using token economies and response cost

  David Reitman, K. W. Boerke, and Areti Vassilopoulos

  Publication in press.

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  Love (Components)

  Zahra Sattaur, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  Several theories have emerged over the years to explain love. These theories have emerged in order to understand the nature of one’s experience of love in daily life. The two dominating theories on love are those proposed by John Alan Lee and Robert Sternberg. Lee’s model suggested a model which includes six styles of love, three which are primary, and three that are considered secondary. The primary styles of love are Eros or passionate love, Ludus or game-playing love, and Storge which is friendship-based love. The secondary styles of love are Pragma or practical love, Mania which is possessive love, and Agape which is altruistic love. Lee sought to describe the styles of loving in a relationship as opposed to describing types of people in the relationship.

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  Wear and Tear Theory of Aging

  Zahra Sattaur, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden

  Excerpt

  The wear and tear theory of aging is an idea proposed by German biologist, Dr. August Wiesmann, in 1882. The theory suggests that aging results from a gradual deterioration of the cells and tissues of the body via wear and tear, oxidative stress, exposure to radiation, toxins, or other deteriorative processes. It suggests that living organisms “wear out” over time with repeated use and increased stress on the body. This concept is similar to the idea that objects such as automobiles deteriorate or wear out as they are used repeatedly over time. Because people observe the wear and tear on these objects, this theory fits in with their perception of how humans age as well. Therefore, the concept is very popular and has been accepted by many.

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  Facilitating Health Behavior Change Using Motivational Interviewing

  Kimberly A. Sobell-Heugele, Linda C. Sobell, and Mark B. Sobell Ph.D.