Faculty Books and Book Chapters
This is a select list of works produced by the faculty of the College of Psychology at Nova Southeastern University
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Adolescent Death
Kimberly Ethridge Fitzgibbon, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
According to recent statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are approximately 9,500 adolescent deaths per year in the United States, as defined by mortality rates for individuals aged 15-19. CDC statistics also show that the leading causes of death for American adolescents were unintentional accidents and injuries, suicide and homicide. Furthermore, according to David Balk’s Handbook of Adolescent Death and Bereavement, gender and racial differences contribute to disproportionate mortality rates, with African American and Hispanic males finding themselves significantly more likely to be killed by homicide than Caucasian counterparts.
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Anxiety in Old Age
Kimberly Ethridge Fitzgibbon, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Anxiety can be impairing and distressing for both the individual suffering from the symptoms and those around them. Emerging research suggests that anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in older adults are just as prevalent as with younger adults, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA). The ADAA states that Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in the older adult population in the United States. It is also common for an older adult to have had a prior anxiety diagnosis, including GAD, when they were younger that has persisted into older age. Fear of aging, medical conditions, death, and harm are also common phobias and can manifest as specific phobias, adjustment disorders, and other anxiety-related disorders, as well as depression and other disorders.
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Marriage
Kimberly Ethridge Fitzgibbon, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Official legislation on the touted “fundamental right” of marriage dates back to the 1800s in the United States, showing the prominence and important that the concept of marriage has on society. Changes in laws and policy have increased the opportunity for marriage to a larger population and as such, research on the construct, its benefits, challenges and statistics has become an area of significant interest. The legal and financial implications of a marriage contract have also encouraged researchers due to the serious and long-lasting implications such a contract can have. Reasons to marry are endless, are highly individualized and can range from affection and love, to financial to necessity in order to obtain various legal rights, as just a few examples.
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Secondary Mental Abilities
Kimberly Ethridge Fitzgibbon, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Mental abilities have commonly been broken down into two main categories; primary and secondary. Primary mental abilities are thought to be large scale groups with similar abilities. Secondary mental ability builds off foundational primary mental abilities of intelligence. Research has suggested that there are six main secondary mental abilities, with the potential for additional abilities to be named or discovered as more research emerges. Expanding research on these abilities has also suggested that they can morph and evolve with age, just as primary abilities related to intelligence.
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Patriarchal Violence
Fallon Flowers, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Patriarchal violence has been described as a pattern of behavior by men perpetuated against women in order to maintain control over women and their behavior. Ultimately, it is meant to oppress them; resulting in women being relegated to a lower position in society. The need for men to exert control over women via Patriarchal violence has roots in one’s cultural, societal, and moral beliefs. Such beliefs pertain to what is considered appropriate and what is considered inappropriate in a cultural context. One of the burgeoning examples of this form of violence against women is the “honor killing”, the killing of a female who has been perceived as having brought dishonor to her family. The emphasis on morality and culture is what differentiates honor killing from domestic violence or other forms of violence against women.
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fallon Flowers, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are diseases that can be passed from one person to another via sexual contact. Some STDs can be treated and cured, while others, once contracted, remain for a lifetime. Chlamydia is one of the more common STDs that both women and men are susceptible to. It is the result of exposure to a bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis. In women, the infection can occur in the cervix, throat, or rectum, while men who are infected experience the infection inside the penis (urethra), throat, and rectum. With regard to transmission, Chlamydia can be transmitted from one person to the other via vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse.
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Marriage in Old Age
Nicole M. Fornalski, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
As closely interactive cohorts throughout their adult lives, husbands and wives have been seen to become even closer confidants and partners in older age. These changes may predominate after retirement and the loss of daily work practices and professional systems. Older couples have frequently shared a considerable quantity of time with one another, and subsequently are able to call forth collective memories and years of intercommunications. In addition, older adult couples usually report less conflicts, and appear to acquire more meaning out of their spousal relationships. They also report less psychological distress and rates of illness than older singles. These benefits appear to be chiefly noticeable in later life.
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Role Transitions
Nicole M. Fornalski, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
A role can be defined as one’s position in a relationship or social structure, whereas a role identity consists of the behavioral expectations that are included in that role. While some individuals may view their roles through a fixed set of social standards, others rely on their own subjective perceptions and interpretations of these positions through flexible guidelines. Through the process of a role transition, the literature identifies two types defined as a macro role transition or micro role transition. A macro role transition consists of a psychological or physical change between consecutively held roles. Examples can include career transitions, marriage/divorce, parenthood, immigration, or retirement. A micro role transition is also considered a psychological or physical change, yet between simultaneously held roles. For instance, shifts may occur between one’s home and work roles, roles between parent and spouse, or movement between or within social domains (e.g. school, religious groups, social organizations).
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Childbirth Approaches
Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
There are various approaches to childbirth, apart from the typical approach of vaginal delivery (e.g., typically done in a hospital). Another approach is a cesarean, which can classified as either an emergency or planned procedure. In the case where an emergency cesarean is needed a vaginal birth would have been detrimental to health of the mother and/or the fetus. A planned cesarean is requested ahead of time due to medical indication or requested by the mother. When requested by the mother the delivery is considered an elective surgical procedure, since it was requested without any medical or obstetrical indication. Cesareans by maternal request have become more common recently around the globe. Some reasons for this increase can be because of cultural factors, the changing attitudes of mothers and clinicians, fear of giving birth (i.e., tocophobia).or for convenience of scheduling.
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Dependent Care
Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
The term dependent care is an umbrella for several types of care regarding family members. One can be the caretaker for disabled children, disabled adult children, or elderly parents. It is expected of parents to perform a supportive role to make sure that children get the services they need from the appropriate health care professionals. Caring for children is only made more difficult when the child, or one of the children has a disability. It is becoming common practice for children with disabilities to be cared for at home in developing countries. Where the complex medical and physical needs of the child can be met in an environment that reduces the chance of disrupting the child’s life.
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Adopted Children
Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles K. Golden
Excerpt
Adoption is the legal transfer of parental rights and responsibilities over the care of a child from the birth parents to other adult(s), who will then raise the child. The adoption of children by non-biologically-related adults has a long and complicated history in both the United States and around the world. Over time awareness of adopted individuals, adoptive families, and birth parents and families has increased; all three groups known as the adoption triad, or adoption kinship network.
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Nursing Homes
Julian Garcia, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Nursing homes are a type of residential care that typically provide continual nursing care for elderly people. Residential care refers to long-term care given to either adults or children who stay in a residential setting rather than their own home. Individuals who benefit most from nursing homes are those who do not need to be in a hospital but cannot live independently or be cared for at home. While nursing homes are most typically associated with the elderly, younger adults with different physical or mental disabilities may also benefit from them. The services at nursing homes often vary depending on the type of nursing home but services often include: room and board, medication monitoring, assistance with personal care, around the clock emergency care, and social and recreational activities.
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Lifespan Construct
Meghan Gilmore, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Susan K. Whitbourne’s (1985) lifespan construct derives from her identity theory. Lifespan construct is a combined sense of past, present, and future events that are connected by their common occurrence to the individual. Cognitive-affective schemata are part of building this construct and shape the way adults approach identity-discrepant experiences. Cognition is the organizer of the experiences, and all events are measured against these experiences. The affective aspect is the individual’s evaluation of events that lead to positive or negative feelingstates.
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Contextual trauma therapy: Overcoming traumatization and reaching full potential
Steven N. Gold
This book weaves together clinical insights, research findings, a cohesive theoretical model, and a detailed account of how to implement the components of contextual trauma therapy, a form of treatment specifically designed for survivors of complex traumatization.
Contextual trauma therapy draws on a unique premise: that many survivors suffer not just from multiple traumatic events, but also from the consequences of childhood developmental deprivation. They have not only repeatedly encountered trauma and violence, but also have been denied some of the most fundamental interpersonal resources that all children require.
Author Steven Gold guides readers through the process of forming collaborative relationships with patients who may lack confidence in any social connection, fostering sound judgment and reasoning in clients who grew up with capricious and unpredictable caretakers, and transmitting capacities that promote not only resolution to traumatization, but also a foundation for a gratifying and productive adult life.
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Person Perception in Childhood and Adolescence, W.J. Lively and D.B. Bromley, 1973
William Goulart, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Prior to the early 1970s little was known about how children viewed others. Previous research had focused on the types of thoughts children had about others, rather than how they arrived at and how to categorize these impressions. Additionally, it was assumed that understanding the development of impression formation in childhood would prove useful for understanding impression formation in adulthood.
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Social Exchange Theory
William Goulart, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Exchange theory originated in the field of sociology in the 1920s. However, since the late 1950s and early 1960s, social exchange theory has been a major school of thought in the field of both social psychology and sociology. This is largely due to the work of George Homans, John Thibaut, Harold Kelley, and Peter Blau. Social exchange theory describes all human interactions as a series of trades or exchanges of rewards between actors.
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Empty Nest Syndrome
Kelsey Grodner, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
Empty nest is a stage in development when children leave the parental home, thus leaving it “empty.” This stage occurs when children are at the age or point in life where they are ready to become independent and create a life of their own. Parents have various reactions to this change. Many parents look forward to this transition and view it as a highly positive event, while others have a more difficult time and deal with what is commonly called the “empty nest syndrome.” Empty syndrome is typically considered a maladaptive reaction to this transition, however this significant phase of life is considered to be a normal developmental event and leaving the home is a natural process of becoming an adult. Parents typically expect their children to leave the home in order to become independent and continue on with their development into adulthood.
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Emotional Expression in Children
Caitlin F. Herman, Lisa K. Lashley, and Charles J. Golden
Excerpt
The development of emotional expression begins from the time an infant bonds with his or her caregiver. Establishing this bond occurs through both the caregiver expressing her feelings to the child and understanding the emotions expressed by the infant. This communication is almost exclusively non-verbal for a long period of time, which requires understanding of and ability to express emotions via facial expressions and vocal inflections. Infants use non-verbal communication to express needs and wants, and the caregiver’s ability to respond to these expressions appropriately is essential to establishing emotional bonds and a confidence in the ability to have one’s emotional expressions understood by others. Evidence suggests that when infants display emotional expression in non-verbal manners, mothers experience neural activation of mirror neurons, specifically in regions of the brain associated with empathy. This research likely indicates that not only seeing, but also mimicking the expressed emotion, establishes an understanding between the infant and mother. Having a strong connection early on allows the infant to begin to develop comprehension of emotional expression which sets the stage for use of this when they become verbal.
