Student Mentees’ Perceptions of Research Proposal Mentorship Using the Critical Incident Technique

Authors

Hendrik Jacob Maruanaya, Pattimura University, Ambon, IndonesiaFollow
Corneles Rubenaser Apalem, Pattimura University, Ambon, IndonesiaFollow
Karolis Anaktototy, Pattimura University, Ambon, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

This qualitative study explored how undergraduate student mentees in an English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) context perceive effective research proposal mentorship. Conducted within the English Education Study Program at Pattimura University, Indonesia, the study employed the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) to capture student reflections on specific mentoring experiences. Seven undergraduate students who had completed their research proposals participated in in-depth interviews, sharing both effective and ineffective mentoring incidents. Thematic analysis reveals three key characteristics of effective mentorship: (a) supportive mentorship that fosters emotional safety and sustained motivation; (b) effective guidance, characterized by dialogic, actionable feedback and modeling of research practices; and (c) mentor availability and accessibility, including responsiveness through both in-person and digital channels. Findings highlight the importance of relational and contextual factors in shaping mentorship quality, particularly in under-resourced, culturally hierarchical, and linguistically complex EFL settings. The study offers practical implications for improving mentor training, institutional support structures, and equity in undergraduate research supervision.

Keywords

research proposal mentorship, critical incident technique, EFL higher education, mentor–mentee relationship, undergraduate research, Indonesia

Author Bio(s)

Hendrik J. Maruanaya teaches in the Master’s Program of the English Education Department at Pattimura University in Ambon, Indonesia. He focuses on language teaching methods and explores new ways to improve English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. His research interests include using technology in language learning to create engaging environments for students and support professional development. Please direct correspondence to hjmaruanaya@gmail.com

Corneles R. Apalem teaches at Pattimura University’s English Department. His research interests include effective language education methodologies and enhancing professional development for teachers.

Professor Dr. Karolis Anaktototy, M.A., is an accomplished academic and researcher in English education. He holds a Doctorate in Language Education and a Master of Arts in TESOL. His roles have included head of the Post Graduate English Education program, head of the Language and Art Department, and Vice Dean of Academic Affairs at Pattimura University. With a strong background in linguistics and applied language studies, he has significantly contributed to English teaching through high-impact publications. Professor Anaktototy focuses on developing teaching materials and methodologies, particularly in task-based, content-based, and communicative language teaching, enhancing students' fluency and cultural competency.

Acknowledgements

This research is sponsored by the Postgraduate program of Pattimura University and English Education Department of Pattimura University.

Publication Date

1-31-2026

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

DOI

10.46743/2160-3715/2026.8030

Recommended APA Citation

Maruanaya, H. J., Apalem, C. R., & Anaktototy, K. (2026). Student mentees’ perceptions of research proposal mentorship using the critical incident technique. The Qualitative Report, 31(1), 5037-5055. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2026.8030

ORCID ID

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5656-6463

ResearcherID

Sinta ID: 6669132