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Diseases, Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) and Their Effects on Gulf Coral Populations and Communities
Bernhard Riegl, Andrew W. Bruckner, Kaveh Samimi-Namin, and Sam J. Purkis
[Chapter Abstract] Corals in the Gulf exist in a harsh environment, which only allows a small subset of the typical Indo-Pacific fauna and flora to persist and/or form viable populations (Sheppard and Sheppard 1991; Sheppard et al. 1992; Samimi-Namin and van Ofwegen 2009; Chaps. 11 and 12). Environmental factors have been identified as the major killers of corals and these factors regulate population dynamics and coral reef community structure (Chaps. 2, 5, 10 and 16). Among these, extreme temperature variability, salinity variability and turbidity (as a result of coastal construction, Chap. 16) have been isolated as prime killers.
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Coral Reefs of the Gulf: Adaptation to Climatic Extremes
Bernhard M. Riegl and Sam J. Purkis
First complete compilation of biology and geology information for all Gulf reefs
Detailed case studies of extremely heat- and cold-adapted reefs
Richly illustrated with more than 200 color figures -
Environmental Constraints for Reef Building in the Gulf
Bernhard M. Riegl and Sam J. Purkis
[Chapter Abstract] The Gulf is a peripheral basin of the Indian Ocean, at roughly 23°50′–29°52′ degrees northern latitude. It harbors extensive coral growth in one of the highest latitude locations in the world (Table 2.1). Due to its high-latitude position, its shallow nature, and its position within the great desert belt, the Gulf and its corals are exposed to extremes in temperature, salinity and other physical factors (Kinsman 1964a, b; Sheppard et al. 1992). But despite a seemingly hostile climate, corals endure and have been shown to exhibit remarkable resilience and vitality even if faced by some of the most extreme environmental conditions corals have to endure anywhere. This chapter will outline the most important physical constraints on reef building.
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Coral Bleaching and Mortality Thresholds in the SE Gulf: Highest in the World
Bernhard M. Riegl, Sam J. Purkis, Ashraf S. Al-Cibahy, Suaad Al-Harthi, Edwin Grandcourt, Khalifa Al-Sulaiti, James Baldwin, and Alaa M. Abdel-Moati
[Chapter Abstract] Bleaching is a stress reaction in corals, during which the symbiosis between corals and the algae (zooxanthellae) living in the coral cells breaks down. As a result, zooxanthellae are expelled, and the coral appears pale or even white (Fig. 6.1; Baker et al. 2008). The link between environmental variables and coral bleaching has been well-established in a variety of studies and synthesized in several places (Phinney et al. 2006; Baker et al. 2008; van Oppen and Lough 2009). Large-scale and region-wide bleaching events, such as occur in the Gulf, have been clearly linked to unusually high temperatures and the accumulation of heat stress in corals. Other drivers, such as UV and water acidity can have compounding effects (Baker et al. 2008) and bleaching can also be caused by these factors alone, or other local drivers such as unusually cold temperatures (Saxby et al. 2003; Lajeunesse et al. 2007). However, it is heat stress that has been demonstrated as the most reliable predictor and defined time-integrated bleaching thresholds exist for various regions of the Indo-Pacific and the Caribbean (Berkelmans 2002a, b; Manzello et al. 2007; Berkelmans 2009).
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Dynamics of Gulf Coral Communities: Observations and Models from the World’s Hottest Coral Sea
Bernhard Riegl and Sam J. Purkis
[Chapter Abstract] Coral reefs are adapted to a relatively narrow band of environmental optima and the harsh Gulf environment tests the physiological and ecological limits of reef corals. The environmental variability (minimal and maximal annual temperatures, salinity extremes, etc.; Chap. 2; Sheppard et al. 1992, 2010) are outside the range of typical tropical reefs. Regular summer temperatures are several degrees above the bleaching and mortality thresholds of some regions in the Great Barrier Reef and the Caribbean (Baker et al. 2008; Chap. 6). Yet, corals thrive in the Gulf. However, they have recently been exposed to severe temperature anomalies at a recurrence faster than in any other coral reef region (Riegl 2002, 2003; Sheppard and Loughland 2002; Riegl and Purkis 2009; Sheppard et al. 2010) and it appears that hot-anomalies are increasing in severity and frequency (Nasrallah et al. 2004). Thus, corals in the Gulf already exist in a thermal environment that is equal to, or even worse than, what is predicted (IPCC 2007) as occurring throughout the tropical oceans by 2099 and recognized as likely causing problems for coral reef persistence. Clearly, important lessons can be learned from Gulf corals about environmental extremes that corals can survive and, given the high frequency of disturbances, maybe even lessons in adaptability. Since the world is getting warmer and extremes are becoming more pronounced, the study of such extreme reef systems gains increased relevance.
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Coral Reefs of the Gulf: Adaptation to Climatic Extremes in the World’s Hottest Sea
Bernhard Riegl and Samuel J. Purkis
This book treats coral reefs in the water body enclosed between Iran and the Arabian peninsula that in this book we refer to as “The Gulf”. The area is variably also known as the Persian or Arabian Gulf, or as the ROPME Inner Sea Area. The Gulf has a long research history and a compilation of present knowledge about its reefs is timely. In 16 chapters, this book guides the reader through environmental and geological determinants of reefbuilding, through the dynamics of reef corals and reef fishes, to the taxonomy of key reef organisms. Also the importance of artificial structures as novel reef substrates is discussed.
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People Can Think Themselves into Anything: The Domestic Nightmare in My Name is Julia Ross
Marlisa Santos
Joseph H. Lewis enjoyed a monumental career in many genres, including film noir and B-movies (with the East Side Kids) as well as an extensive and often overlooked TV career. InThe Films of Joseph H. Lewis, editor Gary D. Rhodes, PhD. gathers notable scholars from around the globe to examine the full range of Lewis's career. While some studies analyze Lewis's work in different areas, others focus on particular films, ranging from poverty row fare to westerns and "television films." Overall, this collection offers fresh perspectives on Lewis as an auteur, a director responsible for individually unique works as well as a sustained and coherent style.
Essays in part 1 investigate the texts and contexts that were important to Lewis's film and television career, as contributors explore his innovative visual style and themes in both mediums. Contributors to part 2 present an array of essays on specific films, including Lewis's remarkable and prescient Invisible Ghost and other notable films My Name Is Julia Ross, So Dark the Night, and The Big Combo. Part 3 presents an extended case study of Lewis's most famous and-arguably-most important work, Gun Crazy. Contributors take three distinct approaches to the film: in the context of its genre as film noir and modernist and postmodernist film; in its relationship to masculinity and masochism; and in terms of ethos and ethics.
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“Born in Chanel, Christen in Gucci”: The Rhetoric of Brand Names and Haute Couture in Jamaican Dancehall
Andrea Shaw-Nevins
This book speaks to the remarkable global reach and influence of Caribbean musics and investigates Caribbean women, music and identity.
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A Dynamical Systems Approach to Conceptualizing and Investigating the Self
Urszula A. Strawinska-Zanko
This book, edited and authored by a closely collaborating network of social scientists and psychologists, recasts typical research topics in these fields into the language of nonlinear, dynamic and complex systems. The aim is to provide scientists with different backgrounds - physics, applied mathematics and computer sciences - with the opportunity to apply the tools of their trade to an altogether new range of possible applications. At the same time, this book will serve as a first reference for a new generation of social scientists and psychologists wishing to familiarize themselves with the new methodology and the "thinking in complexity".
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Peace Education and the Adult Learner: Educational Trends in a Globalized World
Jason J. Campbell and Noel E. Campbell
Peace Education and the Adult Learner presents a survey of recent developments in adult and peace education. This book offers new educational models for teaching adult learners interested in peace education and conflict resolution. The authors masterfully situate the foundations of these models within a discourse of conflict escalation and conflict resolution. Teaching adult learners about peace education also requires the cultivation of keen critical thinking skills and an understanding of basic conflict resolution strategies. Equipped with such tools, adult learners will invariably develop organic models of conflict resolution. Instead of structuring a formulaic, process-based strategy of peace education, this book analyzes contemporary conflicts and contemplates possible strategies for resolution. Peace Education and the Adult Learner explains how educators can inspire their students to develop specific context-based resolution strategies, rather than apply generalized theoretical models to specific instances of conflict.
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Land and Dignity in Paraguay
Cheryl Lynn Duckworth
Land and Dignity in Paraguay analyzes the sociopolitical mobilization around land rights of the indigenous communities in this country. Throughout Paraguay, indigenous communities have seen their lands sold to private agriculture business, in addition to being subjected to arrests, intimidation, and torture. Since the fall of Stroessnerʹs dictatorship in 1989, these communities have been organizing to oppose neoliberal policies, especially that of land privatization. Such mobilization nearly always coalesces around an organizing frame, and the prominence of dignity in the framing of the Paraguayan movement is clear. Drawing on media coverage and extensive interviews with indigenous leaders, civil society leaders, and government officials, the book argues that active social mobilization developed around the dignity frame and concludes by looking at the implications for conflict resolution processes and for Paraguayʹs new democracy.
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Change I Can See: A High School English Teacher’s Perspective of the Writing Center’s Impact on Bilingual, Hispanic Students
Kevin Dvorak and Katherine Palacio
This book highlights the work of talented teachers and tutors who connect theory and practice with the lessons they learned from working with students in their high school writing centers. The authors offer innovative methods for secondary and post-secondary educators interested in adolescent literacy, English Language Learners, new literacies, writing center pedagogy and evaluation, embedded professional development, differentiated instruction, and cross-institutional collaboration.
The Successful High School Writing Center demonstrates how writing centers help school communities that serve diverse student populations grapple with the realities that come with literacy education. Depicting real-life writing centers as leaders in literacy education, the accounts presented will enrich the work of teachers, writing center directors, writing center tutors, and student writers in socially significant ways.
Book Features:
- Models of writing centers and literacy centers that explicitly integrate reading and writing across the curriculum.
- Creative strategies from a diversity of schools, models, and students served.
- Literacy-based, collaborative research projects for writing center evaluation.
- Helpful forms.
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Schlerochronology
Kevin P. Helmle and Richard E. Dodge
Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
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Mathematics of Bioinformatics : Theory, Practice, and Applications
Matthew He and Sergey Petukhov
Mathematics of Bioinformatics: Theory, Methods, and Applications provides a comprehensive format for connecting and integrating information derived from mathematical methods and applying it to the understanding of biological sequences, structures, and networks. Each chapter is divided into a number of sections based on the bioinformatics topics and related mathematical theory and methods. Each topic of the section is comprised of the following three parts: an introduction to the biological problems in bioinformatics; a presentation of relevant topics of mathematical theory and methods to the bioinformatics problems introduced in the first part; an integrative overview that draws the connections and interfaces between bioinformatics problems/issues and mathematical theory/methods/applications.
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Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
Hans Hess, Charles Messing, and William I. Ausich
This volume is edited by Paul Selden, authors are Hans Hess and Charles G. Messing, coordinating author is William I. Ausich. This is the first volume to be published in an extensive revision of the Class Crinoidea. The present volume deals with the Subclass Articulata that contains all post-Paleozoic and living crinoids. The descriptions are preceded by an introduction, a chapter on the morphology of articulate crinoids, a glossary of important terms, and an overview of classification. The reference list is comprehensive for this volume.
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General Chemistry 1 Laboratory
Krista Kasdorf, Donna Chamely Wiik, Beatrix Aukszi, and Jerome E. Haky
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Milestones on a Journey in Peace and Conflict Studies
Neil Katz
This chapter will focus on milestones in my intellectual, academic, and practice journey through my 38 years in Peace and Conflict Studies, and highlight some of the critical “influencers” in my work as a scholar, educator, and active consultant. It begins by describing how I first got interested in the field of Peace and Conflict Studies through involvement in the civil rights and anti- Vietnam war movement, reformulated some of my interests during my dissertation stage at the University of Maryland, and then recast those interests several times through my thirty-seven years at Syracuse University, and this past year as Chair of the largest graduate program in the field at Nova Southeastern University. Throughout the article I will pinpoint and highlight major “influencers,” including key mentors, organizations, continuing education opportunities, and scholarly works in the field. I will conclude with a summary of my most significant insights or lessons. The hope is that this article might inspire others to reflect on their own personal journey and lessons learned.
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Days of Decision: Turning Points in U.S. Foreign Policy
David Kilroy and Michael J. Nojeim
Days of Decision spans a century of American foreign policymaking, from the Spanish- American War of 1898 to the attacks of September 11, 2001. Michael J. Nojeim and David P. Kilroy carefully examine twelve foreign-policy landmarks, each of which played a crucial role in shaping world history and led to profound changes in U.S. foreign policy. Devoting one chapter to each turning point, they place it in its proper historical context, explore its political consequences—primarily the debates and divisions that arose among policymakers—and discuss the aftermath, focusing on its lasting influence on world affairs and the conduct of American diplomacy and foreign affairs.
This accessible, introductory text provides students of foreign policy and international relations a deeper understanding of these disciplines’ processes and of America’s place in the world. -
Modification of Turbulence at the Air-Sea Interface Due to the Presence of Surfactants and Implications for Gas Exchange. Part II: Numerical Simulations
Silvia Matt, Atsushi Fujimara, Alexander Soloviev, and Shin Hyung Rhee
We conducted high-resolution non-hydrostatic numerical simulations to study the effect of surfactants on near-surface turbulence. Laboratory experiments at the UM RSMAS ASIST facility presented in a companion paper report a reduction of turbulence below the air-sea interface and an increase of the surface drift velocity in the presence of surfactants. We implement the effect of surfactants as a rheological, viscoelastic boundary condition at the surface. Our numerical experiments are consistent with the results of the laboratory experiments. We also simulated the effect of surfactants on the temperature difference across the thermal molecular sublayer (cool skin) and on gas transfer velocity. The numerical simulations demonstrate an increase in the temperature difference across the cool skin and reduction of the gas transfer velocity in the presence of surfactant. The results also reveal the effect of surfactants on the different types of molecular sublayers (viscous, thermal and diffusion), which is important for the development of proper parameterization of the interfacial component of air-sea gas exchange under low and moderate wind speed conditions.
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Remote Sensing and Global Environment Change
Samuel J. Purkis and Victor V. Klemas
Remote Sensing plays a key role in monitoring the various manifestations of global climate change. It is used routinely in the assessment and mapping of biodiversity over large areas, in the monitoring of changes to the physical environment, in assessing threats to various components of natural systems, and in the identification of priority areas for conservation.
This book presents the fundamentals of remote sensing technology, but rather than containing lengthy explanations of sensor specifications and operation, it concentrates instead on the application of the technology to key environmental systems. Each system forms the basis of a separate chapter, and each is illustrated by real world case studies and examples.
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