Threats and Aggression Directed at Soccer Referees: An Empirical Phenomenological Psychological Study

Authors

Margareta Friman, Karlstad UniversityFollow
Claes Nyberg, Karlstad University
Torsten Norlander, Karlstad UniversityFollow

Abstract

A descriptive qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews involving seven provincial Soccer Association referees was carried out in order to find out how referees experience threats and aggression directed to soccer referees. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (EPP-method) was used. The analysis resulted in thirty categories which were summarized in six themes. The main themes described the perceived causes of threat, reactions to threat, how the referees manage stressful situations, and their motives to referee.

Keywords

Aggression, Threats, EPP-method, Referees and Soccer

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the Swedish National Center for Research in Sports, Stockholm

Publication Date

12-1-2004

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

DOI

10.46743/2160-3715/2004.1908

Recommended APA Citation

Friman, M., Nyberg, C., & Norlander, T. (2004). Threats and Aggression Directed at Soccer Referees: An Empirical Phenomenological Psychological Study. The Qualitative Report, 9(4), 652-672. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2004.1908