This article investigates the potential of Large Language Model (LLM) tools like ChatGPT in aiding researchers in the development and refinement of interview protocols. We found that ChatGPT could generate appropriate interview questions, craft key questions, provide feedback on protocols, and simulate interviews, indicating its potential to reduce time and effort, particularly when human resources are limited. This article builds upon previous authors’ insights and suggestions regarding developing and refining interview protocols to maximize the chances of achieving research aims, especially for novice researchers. Additionally, the researchers highlight the flexibility of these tools in adapting to different research contexts and cultural considerations. Ethical considerations and human oversight are emphasized as critical components in the responsible implementation of these tools. The research also paves the way for further exploration into the integration of LLMs into other aspects of research processes and offers suggestions for the use of LLMs in interview protocol development and refinement. The findings encourage a broader discussion on the evolving role of technology in academic research and present an exciting avenue for future studies in hybrid human-AI engagements in scholarly pursuits.
Keywords
large language model, ChatGPT, interview protocol, qualitative methods
Author Bio(s)
Dr. Jessica Parker is a researcher and educator who is passionate about demystifying the research and writing process for scholars. She owns Dissertation by Design and Academic Insight Lab, and her research interests are at the intersection of technology and education. She is particularly intrigued by the potential of generative AI for academic purposes, exploring how this technology can revolutionize the way we conduct research, teach, and learn. Jessica has worked with a diverse range of researchers and scholars and continues to teach Doctor of Health Sciences students at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University. Please direct correspondence to jessica.parker@mcphs.edu.
Dr. Veronica Richard is a qualitative methodologist at Dissertation by Design. She has held various academic positions, including adjunct, assistant, and associate professor roles at the University of Northern Colorado, Indiana University Northwest, and Concordia University Chicago. Her experience spans working with undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral students, primarily in the fields of literacy and research methods. Throughout her career, Veronica has been an integral part of nine research teams, many of which were grant-funded and dedicated to supporting at-risk youth. Veronica earned her Ph.D. from the University of Northern Colorado in 2010, specializing in Applied Statistical Research and Research Methods with a cognate in Reading.
Dr. Kimberly Becker is an applied linguist who specializes in disciplinary academic writing and English for research publication purposes. She has a Ph.D. in applied linguistics and technology (Iowa State University, 2022) and an M.A. in teaching English as a second language (Northern Arizona University, 2004). Kimberly’s research and teaching experience as a professor and communication consultant has equipped her to support native and non-native English speakers in written, oral, visual, and electronic communication. Her most recent publications are related to the use of ethical AI for automated writing evaluation and a co-authored e-book titled Preparing to Publish, about composing academic research manuscripts.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge their use of ChatGPT in brainstorming, revising, and for the methodology of this project.
Parker, J. L.,
Richard, V. M.,
&
Becker, K.
(2023).
Flexibility & Iteration: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Developing and Refining Interview Protocols.
The Qualitative Report,
28(9), 2772-2791.
https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6695
