Authors
Júlia Halamová, Institute of Applied Psychology Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava SlovakiaFollow
Alžbeta Dvoranová, Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, SlovakiaFollow
Slávka Zlúkyová, Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, SlovakiaFollow
Viktória Vráblová, Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, SlovakiaFollow
Abstract
Level of self-criticism has a significant impact on people’s psychopathology because severe self-criticism activates the sympathetic nervous system, and that further stimulates the physiological and psychological stress response which lead to impairment of mental health and wellbeing (Singer & Klimecki, 2014). Therefore, self-criticism is widely studied, but authors use mainly quantitative approaches which allow generalisation of knowledge but do not allow in-depth insights into the phenomenon. Hence our research aim was to identify the kinds of statements individuals utter when self-criticizing using the two-chair dialogue technique which enable to expose inward dialogues people lead with their self-critical parts. Out of 80 participants, the 20 most expressive participants were selected for the analysis: 15 women and 5 men (M = 27.7; SD 7.60). The data were analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; Hill et al., 1997) with three members of a core team and one auditor. We identified three domains of self-criticism – Emotional (mainly inadequacy, fear, contempt, and disgust), Behavioural (mainly hurting and neglecting others, stating one’s shortcomings and motivating oneself), and Cognitive (primarily generalized judgements about one’s negative traits and reactions, perceived judgements by others or based on comparisons with others, and judgements relating to criticized situations and the effects of these). Expanding on the qualitative knowledge in the area of self-criticism would make for better planning and the provision of better treatment for highly self-critical people by mental health professionals.
Keywords
consensual qualitative research, psychopathology, self-compassion, self-criticism, self-protection
Author Bio(s)
Professor Júlia Halamová, Ph.D. is a psychologist and works at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. She is on the list of psychotherapists of the Slovak Republic and she has her own private psychological and psychotherapeutic practice. She publishes in many prestigious journals such as Frontiers, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, Perception, Applied Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. Her most important books include Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism: Psychometric Analysis of Instruments (Comenius University in Bratislava, 2017), Psychological Sense of Community (Palacky University in Olomouc, 2014), Emotion Focused Therapy I. - Textbook (Comenius University in Bratislava, 2013), and Emotion Focused Therapy II. - Workbook (Comenius University in Bratislava, 2013). She focuses on psychology of emotions, community psychology, counseling psychology and psychotherapy. She was selected as the regional coordinator for Slovakia within the European Community Psychology Association and also selected for the international coordinator of The Society for Community and Action Research (SCRA) Division 27 American Psychological Association. She is the member of International Society for Emotion Focused Therapy. Please direct correspondence to julia.halamova@gmail.com.
Mgr. Alžbeta Dvoranová graduated at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Please direct correspondence to alzbeta.dvoranova24@gmail.com.
Mgr. Slávka Zlúkyová graduated at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Please direct correspondence to slavka.zlukyova@gmail.com.
Mgr. Viktória Vráblová is a postgraduate student of Psychology at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Please direct correspondence to vrablova.viki@gmail.com.
Publication Date
6-16-2021
DOI
10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4750
Recommended APA Citation
Halamová, J.,
Dvoranová, A.,
Zlúkyová, S.,
&
Vráblová, V.
(2021).
Consensual Qualitative Analysis of Self-Criticizing Using the Two-Chair Technique.
The Qualitative Report,
26(6), 1891-1910.
https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4750
ORCID ID
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2655-2327
