Pore Water Conditions Driving Calcium Carbonate Dissolution in Reef Sands

Authors

Adam Kessler, Monash University - Australia
Angus Rogers, Monash University - Australia
Tyler Cyronak, Southern Cross University - Lismore, Australia; University of California - San DiegoFollow
Michael F. Bourke, Monash University - Australia
Harald Hasler-Sheetal, University of Southern Denmark
Ronnie N. Glud, University of Southern Denmark; Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology - Japan
Chris Greening, Monash University - Australia
Filip J. R. Meysman, University of Antwerp - Belgium; Delft University of Technology - The Netherlands
Bradley D. Eyre, Southern Cross University - Lismore, Australia
Perran L. M. Cook, Monash University - Australia

ORCID

0000-0003-3556-7616

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

ISSN

0016-7037

Publication Date

6-15-2020

Keywords

Carbonate dissolution, Reef sands, Permeable sediments, Respiration, Hydrogen, Fermentation

Abstract

Due to decreases in seawater pH resulting from ocean acidification, permeable calcium carbonate reef sands are predicted to be net dissolving by 2050. However, the rate of dissolution and factors that control this rate remain poorly understood. Experiments performed in benthic chambers predict that reefs will become net dissolving when the aragonite saturation state (Ω_a) in sea water falls below ∼3, as underlying reef sediments start net dissolution due to lower saturation states in the pore water. We used flow-through reactors to investigate the rate of dissolution at various Ω_a at the pore scale. The sediment became net dissolving at Ω_a = 1.68–2.25, which is significantly greater than 1. This indicates that the bulk pore water does not represent conditions at the site of dissolution, and dissolution probably occurs in microniches inside porous sand grains. Measured dissolution rates were much higher under oxic conditions than anoxic conditions, but were not affected by the addition of carbonic anhydrase. Analysis of δ¹³C-CO₂ produced in the flow-through reactors revealed a bias in the conventional alkalinity anomaly method under anoxic conditions, showing that some of the CO₂ attributed to metabolism by may actually be derived from carbonate dissolution. This deviation likely originates from alkalinity consumption by fermentation, which masks the alkalinity generated by dissolution. Therefore, dissolution rates determined by alkalinity changes in reef sands with anaerobic metabolisms may underestimate actual values.

DOI

10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.001

Volume

279

First Page

16

Last Page

28

Comments

©2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Additional Comments

Hermon Slade Foundation grant #: HS17/11; ARC Discovery Project grant #s: DP180101762, DP150102092; ARC DECRA fellowship #: DE170100310; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research VICI grant #: 016.VICI.170.072

NSUWorks Citation

Adam Kessler, Angus Rogers, Tyler Cyronak, Michael F. Bourke, Harald Hasler-Sheetal, Ronnie N. Glud, Chris Greening, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bradley D. Eyre, and Perran L. M. Cook. 2020. Pore Water Conditions Driving Calcium Carbonate Dissolution in Reef Sands .Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta : 16 -28. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles/1080.