Faculty Articles

Differential neurogenic effects of casein-derived opioid peptides on neuronal stem cells: implications for redox-based epigenetic changes.

Publication Title

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

Volume

37

Publication Date / Copyright Date

11-1-2016

First Page

39

Last Page

46

Publisher

Elsevier Science

Abstract

Food-derived peptides, such as β-casomorphin BCM7, have potential to cross the gastrointestinal tract and blood-brain barrier and are associated with neurological disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously established a novel mechanism through which BCM7 affects the antioxidant levels in neuronal cells leading to inflammatory consequences. In the current study, we elucidated the effects of casein-derived peptides on neuronal development by using the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) as an experimental model. First, the transient changes in intracellular thiol metabolites during NSC differentiation (neurogenesis) were investigated. Next, the neurogenic effects of food-derived opioid peptides were measured, along with changes in intracellular thiol metabolites, redox status and global DNA methylation levels. We observed that the neurogenesis of NSCs was promoted by human BCM7 to a greater extent, followed by A2-derived BCM9 in contrast to bovine BCM7, which induced increased astrocyte formation. The effect was most apparent when human BCM7 was administered for 1day starting on 3days postplating, consistent with immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, neurogenic changes regulated by bovine BCM7 and morphine were associated with an increase in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and a decrease in the S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, indicative of changes in the redox and the methylation states. Finally, bovine BCM7 and morphine decreased DNA methylation in differentiating NSCs. In conclusion, these results suggest that food-derived opioid peptides and morphine regulated neurogenesis and differentiation of NSCs through changes in the redox state and epigenetic regulation.

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences | Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Keywords

Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Apoptosis, Astrocytes, Caseins, Cattle, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cultured, DNA Methylation, Endorphins, Epigenesis, Genetic, Glutathione, Humans, Methylation, Morphine, Neural Stem Cells, Neurogenesis, Opioid Peptides, Oxidation-Reduction, Peptide Fragments, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, S-Adenosylhomocysteine, S-Adenosylmethionine

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