Faculty Articles

A heartfelt message, estrogen replacement therapy: use it or lose it.

Publication Title

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Publisher

American Physiological Society

ISSN

0363-6135

Publication Date

12-1-2018

Keywords

Cardiovascular Diseases, Dementia, Estradiol, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Female, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Abstract

The issue of cardiovascular and cognitive health in women is complex. During the premenopausal phase of life, women have healthy blood pressure levels that are lower than those of age-matched men, and they have less cardiovascular disease. However, in the postmenopausal stage of life, blood pressure in women increases, and they are increasingly susceptible to cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairments, and dementia, exceeding the incidence in men. The major difference between pre- and postmenopausal women is the loss of estrogen. Thus, it seemed logical that postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy, with or without progestin, generally referred to as menopausal hormone treatment (MHT), would prevent these adverse sequelae. However, despite initially promising results, a major randomized clinical trial refuted the benefits of MHT, leading to its falling from favor. However, reappraisal of this study in the framework of a "critical window," or "timing hypothesis," has changed our perspective on the benefit-to-risk ratio of MHT, and this review discusses the historical, current, and future approaches to MHT.

DOI

10.1152/ajpheart.00041.2018

Volume

315

Issue

6

First Page

1765

Last Page

1765

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences | Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Link to Full Text
Peer Reviewed

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