Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Document Type

Thesis - NSU Access Only

Degree Name

Master of Science (M.S.) in Dentistry

Copyright Statement

All rights reserved. This publication is intended for use solely by faculty, students, and staff of Nova Southeastern University. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, now known or later developed, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author or the publisher.

Department

College of Dental Medicine

First Advisor

Nydia Cummings

Date of original Performance / Presentation

January 2023

Publication Date / Copyright Date

1-1-2023

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate if severity of periodontal disease (PD) and/or radiographic signs of parafunction, including periodontal ligament widening, cuspal fracture, and tooth wear, are associated with the presence of a sleep-related breathing disorder and/or oropharyngeal airway volume as measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Retrospective data from adult patients in a university faculty practice setting, treated by board-certified periodontists, were cross-sectionally analyzed for periodontal data, medical histories, and cone-beam computed tomography interpretation. Patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis were staged and graded according to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. Medical histories were evaluated for patient-reported snoring and/or a previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Oropharyngeal airway volume (mm3) was measured by cone-beam computed tomography. Confounder variables were recorded in patient’s medical histories including diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2), hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nasal stuffiness, tobacco use, and alcohol use. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the specific aims. Odds ratio (OR) were reported as a measure of association between the outcome variable, periodontal clinical traits, and the predictor variables, self-reported sleep-related breathing disorders, specifically snoring and obstructive sleep apnea, and oropharyngeal airway volume measures. Results: Thirty-six patients met the criteria for inclusion in this study. In the sample, 25% (N= 9) had a diagnosis of Stage 1-2 periodontitis or no periodontitis, while 41.7% (N=15), and 33.3% (N=12) presented Stage 3 and 4 periodontitis, respectively. Twenty-two patients were analyzed for statistical analysis of oropharyngeal airway volume due to CBCT inclusion criteria, ranging in value from 2 mm3 to 19 mm3, with a mean of 7.7 mm3. No statistically significant associations were found between snoring and severity of PD (X2 (2) = 0.059, p = 0.971), and OSA and severity of PD (X2 (2) = 0.741, p = 0.690). No significant association was found between snoring and oropharyngeal airway volume (r = .175, p = .437), and between oropharyngeal airway volume and OSA (r = -.179, p = .425). No significant association was found between oropharyngeal airway volume and PD severity (X2 (40) = 45.6, p = 0.251). No significant association was found between snoring and radiographic signs of parafunction (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 0.597-14.185) (X2 (1) = 1.820, p = 0.177), and between OSA and radiographic signs of parafunction (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.357-0.700) (X2 (1) = 1.895, p = 0.169). Conclusions: PD and sleep-disordered breathing have been studied with respect to a bidirectional, unidirectional, or no relationship association, yielding mixed evidence. The current study demonstrated no significant association between periodontitis and sleep-disordered breathing, either by patient-reported snoring or previous diagnosis of OSA, as well as no significant association between periodontitis and oropharyngeal airway volume measured by CBCT. No significant association was found between oropharyngeal volume, as measured by CBCT, and sleep-disordered breathing. Based on the results of the study with a limited sample size, it can be concluded that further association studies with larger sample sizes must be conducted to discern the nature of the relationship between sleep-related breathing disorders and PD.

Disciplines

Dentistry

Keywords

airway; CBCT; obstructive sleep apnea; periodontitis; sleep-disordered breathing; snoring

Download

Download Full Text (652 KB)

Download
To access this thesis/dissertation you must have a valid nova.edu OR mynsu.nova.edu email address and create an account for NSUWorks.

Free My Thesis

If you are the author of this work and would like to grant permission to make it openly accessible to all, please click the Free My Thesis button.

  Contact Author

Share

 
COinS