Metformin's Beneficial Usage as a Therapeutic and Cost-Effective Drug for Ovarian Cancer

Metformin's Beneficial Usage as a Therapeutic and Cost-Effective Drug for Ovarian Cancer

Alvin Sherman Library

According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer is a leading cause of gynecologic cancer related mortality in the United States, with over 20,000 new cases and 14,000 deaths annually. Despite advancements in treatment, the need for effective, accessible, and affordable therapies remains critical. Metformin, a widely prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, has shown significant promise as a cost-effective adjunct in ovarian cancer therapy.

This literature review examines emerging evidence on metformin's anticancer properties, including its ability to inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation through AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Epidemiological studies report improved survival outcomes in diabetic ovarian cancer patients treated with metformin compared to non-users. Preclinical and clinical trials also suggest that metformin enhances the efficacy of standard therapies, including platinum-based chemotherapy, while mitigating chemoresistance.

Metformin’s affordability and established safety profile make it particularly valuable for patients facing the high economic burden of ovarian cancer treatment in the U.S., where healthcare disparities persist. As a generic drug with low production costs, metformin offers a financially viable option that could reduce barriers to care for underserved populations.

This review highlights metformin's dual benefits as a therapeutic and cost-effective intervention, positioning it as a promising candidate for integration into ovarian cancer treatment protocols. Further clinical research is essential to fully elucidate its potential and redefine the standard of care for this challenging malignancy.