Biomechanics Differ between Highest and Lowest Race Finishing Places of Collegiate Distance Runners: A Case Analysis

Biomechanics Differ between Highest and Lowest Race Finishing Places of Collegiate Distance Runners: A Case Analysis

Faulty running biomechanics have been associated with injury, yet their role in performance is poorly understood. We sought to determine if gait and functional movement mechanics could differentiate between high and low performing distance runners. Three top and three bottom place finishers from a men’s university cross-country team were studied, [(top; 22.7+2.9 yrs, 63.0+4.0 kg, 1.73+0.04 m) (bottom; 19.7+4.6 yrs, 62.8+6.0 kg, 1.71+0.07 m)]. They were identified by reviewing six NCAA races for consistent performance in Fall 2016, and represent six of 11 team members. Participants underwent a 3D analysis using a camcorder and 10-camera motion capture system while running on an instrumented treadmill (2.86-3.28 m/s). Running technique was qualitatively and quantitatively examined for known faulty biomechanics such as excessive hip internal rotation (HIR), hip adduction (HADD), knee valgus (KVAL), rearfoot eversion (REV), and contralateral hip drop (CHD). Movement patterns were assessed using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), a tool that categorizes seven movements as dysfunctional, compensatory, or adequate. Five of seven movements are scored bilaterally to evaluate asymmetries. Results showed both groups had one asymmetry and no dysfunctional scores on the FMS. However, 3/3 bottom placing runners displayed a CHD; 2/3 excessive HIR; 2/3 KVAL outside of normal limits; 1/3 excessive REV. Two of three top finishers showed a CHD and 1/3 excessive HADD. We conclude that the bottom finishers had a greater number of faulty biomechanics than the top finishers, while there were no differences in movement patterns. Coaches should promote proper mechanics to positively impact performance.