Relative Abundance of Bacillus spp., Surfactant-Associated Bacterium Present in a Natural Sea Slick Observed by Satellite SAR Imagery over the Gulf of Mexico

Authors

Kathryn Howe, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Cayla W. Dean, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
John Alexander Kluge, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Alexander Soloviev, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Aurelien Tartar, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Mahmood S. Shivji, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Susanne Lehner, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Remote Sensing Technology Institute
William Perrie, Bedford Institute of Oceanography - Canada

ORCID

0000-0001-6519-1547

ResearcherID

G-4080-2013

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

ISSN

2325-1026

Publication Date

1-25-2018

Keywords

Microlayer, Surfactant, Bacteria, SAR

Abstract

The damping of short gravity-capillary waves (Bragg waves) due to surfactant accumulation under low wind speed conditions results in the formation of natural sea slicks. These slicks are detectable visually and in synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. Surfactants are produced by natural life processes of many marine organisms, including bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweed, and zooplankton. In this work, samples were collected in the Gulf of Mexico during a research cruise on the R/V F.G. Walton Smith to evaluate the relative abundance of Bacillus spp., surfactant-associated bacteria, in the sea surface microlayer compared to the subsurface water at 0.2 m depth. A method to reduce potential contamination of microlayer samples during their collection on polycarbonate filters was implemented and advanced, including increasing the number of successive samples per location and changing sample storage procedures. By using DNA analysis (real-time polymerase chain reaction) to target Bacillus spp., we found that in the slick areas, these surfactant-associated bacteria tended to reside mostly in subsurface waters, lending support to the concept that the surfactants they may produce move to the surface where they accumulate under calm conditions and enrich the sea surface microlayer.

DOI

10.1525/elementa.268

Volume

6

First Page

1

Last Page

8

Comments

©2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

NSUWorks Citation

Kathryn Howe, Cayla W. Dean, John Alexander Kluge, Alexander Soloviev, Aurelien Tartar, Mahmood S. Shivji, Susanne Lehner, and William Perrie. 2018. Relative Abundance of Bacillus spp., Surfactant-Associated Bacterium Present in a Natural Sea Slick Observed by Satellite SAR Imagery over the Gulf of Mexico .Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene : 1 -8. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles/911.