The Effects of a High Calcium Diet on Intraocular Pressure

Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA

Objective: The study was performed to determine whether a relationship exists between dietary intake of calcium-rich foods and intraocular pressure (IOP). Background: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy which may result in blindness. The only modifiable risk factor and management option is reduction of the IOP via topical medications, laser treatments, and surgery. Recent literature supports that calcium channel blockers (CCB), may also be effective in reducing IOP. To date, no research has been conducted to study the effects of dietary calcium on IOP. Methods: The study included 57 participants aged 40-70 years old of a variety of ethnicities. Participants completed a calcium dietary intake questionnaire and had their IOP measured. Each food item on the questionnaire had a predetermined score and the scores were grouped into categories of overall dietary calcium intake labeled as poor, fair, good, and excellent. Results: Elevated dietary calcium intake and elevated IOP were correlated (p = 0.028) in the study group including treated glaucoma patients and untreated ocular hypertensives. Significant correlations were not detected in any of the other data groups. The data also revealed that the amount of subjects that scored poorly on their calcium intake decreased as the IOP increased. The number of patients that scored the highest on the calcium questionnaire were more likely to have higher IOP. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated a correlation between high dietary calcium intake and elevated IOP despite glaucoma status and treatment. This research may provide insight in future management strategies for this disease.