Department of Health Sciences Faculty Articles
Title
Illogical Processing Versus Memory Overload as Explanations for Set Inclusion Difficulties in Reasoning From Prose
ISBN or ISSN
1061-6799
Volume
5
Publication Date / Copyright Date
1990
First Page
11
Last Page
20
Publisher
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Abstract
This experiment was designed to access whether participants' difficulties with set inclusion relations are due to errors in logical processing or due to memory overload and retrieval problems. Based on Griggs' (1978) theory of faulty logical processing, it was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between participants' performance in "paragraph present" and "paragraph absent" conditions. It was also predicted that the proportion of correct responses would be decreasing function of step-size on true statements while proportion correct for false statements would be increasing function of step-size. College undergraduates (N = 21), who were knowledgeable about the hypotheses and design, were presented with 4 different paragraphs of fictional prose and 20 true/false questions for each passage. Participants in the paragraph present condition were able to see the paragraph as they answered questions on it while participants in the paragraph absent condition relied on long-term memory of the passage. As expected, there was no reliable difference between mean proportion and the 2 conditions. The predicted, significant increases in step-size function for false statements was found in both conditions. The hypothesis that the proportion correct on true sentences would decrease with increasing step-size was not supported. Results are discussed in light of Griggs' (1976) findings regarding the effect of special instructions on error profiles for true sentences.
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences
Keywords
Logical Processing, Memory Overload, Retrieval Problems, Faulty Logical Processing, Paragraph Absent, Paragraph Present, Undergraduates
NSUWorks Citation
Leigh, Kathleen Q. and Ransdell, Sarah Ellen PhD, "Illogical Processing Versus Memory Overload as Explanations for Set Inclusion Difficulties in Reasoning From Prose" (1990). Department of Health Sciences Faculty Articles. 237.
https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_hs_facarticles/237
