Composition of the gut microbiome, role of diet, lifestyle, and antioxidant therapies in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-7-2023

Publication Title

European Journal of Ophthalmology

Keywords

Microbiome, antioxidant therapies, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, gut, oxidative stress.

ISSN

1724-6016

First Page

11206721231174490

Last Page

11206721231174490

Abstract

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract composed of trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Disruption of this delicate ecosystem, formally called "dysbiosis", has been linked to a variety of metabolic and inflammatory pathologies. Several studies have focused on abnormal microbiome composition and correlated these findings with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, given the complexity of this ecosystem, the current studies are narrow in design and present variable findings. Composition of the gut microbiome in patients with DR significantly differs from patients with diabetes without retinopathy as well as from healthy controls. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been shown to modify effects of medication, diet, exercise, and antioxidant use on the development and progression of DR. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of literature on the effect of oxidative stress, antioxidant therapies, and dysbiosis on DR.

DOI

10.1177/11206721231174490

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