Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Document Type

Thesis - NSU Access Only

Degree Name

Master of Science (M.S.) in Dentistry

Copyright Statement

All rights reserved. This publication is intended for use solely by faculty, students, and staff of Nova Southeastern University. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, now known or later developed, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author or the publisher.

Department

College of Dental Medicine

First Advisor

Jeffrey Thompson

Date of original Performance / Presentation

January 2021

Publication Date / Copyright Date

1-1-2021

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic treatment is associated with an increased risk for adverse oral health issues, including caries and negative effects on the periodontium and oral mucosa. Many orthodontists will recommend different mouth rinses to help prevent or manage these during treatment. A common material used during orthodontic treatment, elastomeric chain, has been shown to demonstrate increased force degradation with certain changes in the oral environment. These recommended mouth rinses may alter the oral environment, causing changes in the amount of force decay experienced by the elastomeric chain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of five mouth rinses on the force decay of three different orthodontic elastomeric chains. Using the data obtained from this study, orthodontists will be able to select the appropriate mouth rinse for their patient and have better knowledge of the force exerted by the elastomeric chains and its decay process over time, which is essential for efficient and effective tooth movement. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 648 orthodontic elastomeric chains of three different trademarks, RMO, 3M, and AO, were investigated. The experimental groups consisted of five different mouth rinses: a 0.05% NaF mouth rinse, 0.2% NaF mouth rinse, 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse, an aloe-vera based mouth sore rinse, and a hydrogen peroxide-based mouth sore rinse, plus a control group held in distilled water. Twelve test measurements of remaining force were made at the following time intervals: initial (0), 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days. Tensile testing was executed using a Universal Testing Machine 8841 (Instron, Canton, MA) with crosshead speed of 20 mm/minute. Descriptive statistical analysis of tensile loads for each sample at each time point was performed along with a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc analyses using Tukey’s test based on power chain brand, mouth rinse, and time. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that all 3 variables of company, mouth rinse, and time were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) in affecting force decay. Elastomeric power chains from brands RMO, AO, and 3M exhibited between 42% and 56% force degradation within the first day, followed by a steady, but much smaller decline in force until 56 days. After 56 days, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of force degradation between power chains exposed to 0.05% NaF, 0.2% NaF, and aloe vera and hydrogen peroxide mouth sore rinses versus the control power chain (p=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between power chains exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and the control (p=0.829). The least amount of force decay over 56 days occurred with RMO power chain (51%), followed by AO power chain (63%), and finally 3M power chain (71%). Mouth rinse had a small effect size on force decay (omega squared 0.06), time had medium effect size (omega squared 0.15), and company had a large effect size (omega squared 0.72). Conclusions: In the present study, 0.05% NaF, 0.2% NaF, and aloe vera and hydrogen peroxide mouth sore rinses caused an increased amount of force decay in elastomeric power chain, which was found to be statistically significant. These differences, however, were relatively small and probably insignificant clinically. There was no statistically significant difference between power chains exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and the control.

Disciplines

Dentistry

Keywords

elastomeric chain; force decay; mouth rinse; orthodontics

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