Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

4-25-2025

Keywords

Howard E. Gardner, Frame of Mind, intelligence, naturalist intelligence, theory

Disciplines

Developmental Psychology | Theory and Philosophy

Abstract

Howard E. Gardner’s framework for understanding intelligence is one of the most well-known alternatives to the more widely-accepted Cattell-Horn-Carrol model of intelligence (CHC). In 1983, Gardner published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, in which he rejected the idea of a single intelligence (g) in favor of multiple, relatively independent intelligences. In his introduction for the third edition of Frames of Mind, Gardner describes a myriad of inspirations for his theory, including a notable lack of research on artistic talents within cognitive psychology. Gardner argues that the traditional definition of “intelligence” is too narrow, and that some of the abilities we might call “talents” are actually types of intelligence that often are not assessed through traditional intelligence tests.

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