Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

4-25-2025

Keywords

ecological systems theory, family, human development, Urie Bronfenbrenner

Disciplines

Developmental Psychology

Abstract

Urie Bronfenbrenner (born April 29, 1917, Moscow, Russia – died September 25, 2005, Ithaca, New York, U.S.) was a Russian-born American developmental psychologist. He is best known for ecological systems theory. This theory explains human development as the result of nested relationships between the individual and family, friends, schools, neighborhoods, society, and the time period in which the individual lived. Bronfenbrenner described these contexts as, matryoshka, or Russian nesting dolls. The individual was layered within multiple contexts, or systems and each system was represented by one of the nested dolls. The ecological system of each individual was built from five separate but interactive systems: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem.

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