Title

Microbial Nucleic Acid Sensing in Oral and Systemic Diseases

Authors

Katie E. Crump, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityFollow
S. E. Sahingur, Virginia Commonwealth University

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-2016

Publication Title

Journal of Dental Research

Keywords

Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor, AIM2, DAI, Periodontal Disease, Infection

ISSN

0022-0345

Volume

95

Issue/No.

1

First Page

17

Last Page

25

Abstract

One challenge in studying chronic infectious and inflammatory disorders is understanding how host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), specifically toll-like receptors (TLRs), sense and respond to pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns, their communication with each other and different components of the immune system, and their role in propagating inflammatory stages of disease. The discovery of innate immune activation through nucleic acid recognition by intracellular PRRs such as endosomal TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) and cytoplasmic proteins (absent in melanoma 2 and DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factor) opened a new paradigm: Nucleic acid sensing is now implicated in multiple immune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., atherosclerosis, cancer), viral (e.g., human papillomavirus, herpes virus) and bacterial (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, pneumonia) diseases, and autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis). Clinical investigations reveal the overexpression of specific nucleic acid sensors in diseased tissues. In vivo animal models show enhanced disease progression associated with receptor activation. The involvement of nucleic acid sensors in various systemic conditions is further supported by studies reporting receptor knockout mice being either protected from or prone to disease. TLR9-mediated inflammation is also implicated in periodontal diseases. Considering that persistent inflammation in the oral cavity is associated with systemic diseases and that oral microbial DNA is isolated at distal sites, nucleic acid sensing may potentially be a link between oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how intracellular PRRs respond to microbial nucleic acids and emerging views on the role of nucleic acid sensors in various systemic diseases. We also highlight new information on the role of intracellular PRRs in the pathogenesis of oral diseases including periodontitis and oral cavity cancer, which might offer future possibilities for disease prevention and therapy.

NSUWorks Citation

Crump, Katie E. and S. E. Sahingur. 2016. "Microbial Nucleic Acid Sensing in Oral and Systemic Diseases." Journal of Dental Research 95, (1): 17-25. doi:10.1177/0022034515609062.

DOI

10.1177/0022034515609062