Title

Karyotype Evolution in 10 Pinniped Species: Variability of Heterochromatin versus High Conservatism of Euchromatin as Revealed by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics

Authors

Violetta R. Beklemisheva, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia
Polina L. Perelman, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University - Russia
Natalya A. Lemskaya, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia
Anastasiya A. Proskuryakova, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia
Natalya A. Serdyukova, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia
Vladimir N. Burkanov, Pacific Geographical Institute - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski - Russia; National Marine Fisheries Service
Maksim B. Gorshunov, Institute of Biological Problems of the North - Magadan, Russia
Oliver A. Ryder, San Diego Zoo
Mary Thompson, National Cancer Institute
Gina Lento, ShanLen Enterprises
Stephen James O'Brien, Nova Southeastern UniversityFollow
Alexander S. Graphodatsky, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology - Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University - Russia

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-10-2020

Publication Title

Genes

Keywords

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Telomere repeat, rDNA probe, CBG staining, CDAG banding, Constitutive heterochromatin, Pericentric inversion, Semiaquatic mammal, Seal, Walrus, Tandem fusion, Evolutionary new centromere, Chromosome map

ISSN

2073-4425

Volume

11

Issue/No.

12

First Page

1485

Abstract

Pinnipedia karyotype evolution was studied here using human, domestic dog, and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes to obtain comparative chromosome maps among species of Odobenidae (Odobenus rosmarus), Phocidae (Phoca vitulina, Phoca largha, Phoca hispida, Pusa sibirica, Erignathus barbatus), and Otariidae (Eumetopias jubatus, Callorhinus ursinus, Phocarctos hookeri, and Arctocephalus forsteri). Structural and functional chromosomal features were assessed with telomere repeat and ribosomal-DNA probes and by CBG (C-bands revealed by barium hydroxide treatment followed by Giemsa staining) and CDAG (Chromomycin A3-DAPI after G-banding) methods. We demonstrated diversity of heterochromatin among pinniped karyotypes in terms of localization, size, and nucleotide composition. For the first time, an intrachromosomal rearrangement common for Otariidae and Odobenidae was revealed. We postulate that the order of evolutionarily conserved segments in the analyzed pinnipeds is the same as the order proposed for the ancestral Carnivora karyotype (2n = 38). The evolution of conserved genomes of pinnipeds has been accompanied by few fusion events (less than one rearrangement per 10 million years) and by novel intrachromosomal changes including the emergence of new centromeres and pericentric inversion/centromere repositioning. The observed interspecific diversity of pinniped karyotypes driven by constitutive heterochromatin variation likely has played an important role in karyotype evolution of pinnipeds, thereby contributing to the differences of pinnipeds’ chromosome sets.

Comments

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genome Diversity of Adaptation and Speciation)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

NSUWorks Citation

Beklemisheva, Violetta R.; Polina L. Perelman; Natalya A. Lemskaya; Anastasiya A. Proskuryakova; Natalya A. Serdyukova; Vladimir N. Burkanov; Maksim B. Gorshunov; Oliver A. Ryder; Mary Thompson; Gina Lento; Stephen James O'Brien; and Alexander S. Graphodatsky. 2020. "Karyotype Evolution in 10 Pinniped Species: Variability of Heterochromatin versus High Conservatism of Euchromatin as Revealed by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics." Genes 11, (12): 1485. doi:10.3390/genes11121485.

ORCID ID

0000-0001-7353-8301

ResearcherID

N-1726-2015

DOI

10.3390/genes11121485