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Abstract

This study analyzed the physical and temporal demands of elite male and female beach volleyball athletes during professional competitions, specifically focusing on match duration, rally characteristics, and work-to-rest ratios. Utilizing the Balltime AI platform, 7,832 rallies from 92 matches (49 males, 43 females) during the 2023 FIVB Elite 16 Tour and the 2024 Paris Olympic Games were examined. The findings indicate an average total match duration of approximately 46 min (45:55 ± 10:11), with active playing time averaging 13:30 ± 03:06 min and rest periods totaling 32:25 ± 07:29 min. The average rally duration was 9.49 ± 0.57 seconds, yielding an average work-to-rest ratio of 1:2.4. Significant gender differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the total match duration, match break time, average rally time, and work-to-rest ratio, although practical effects were minimal (d < 0.3). Compared to previous decades, contemporary games exhibit decreased rest periods and higher overall match intensity, reflecting ongoing strategic and physical evolution. These updated benchmarks provide critical insights for coaches and practitioners aiming to tailor training programs to accurately replicate competitive demands in elite beach volleyball.

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