Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive and Reflective Optics

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-27-2009

Publication Title

Current Biology

Keywords

SYSNEURO

ISSN

0960-9822

Volume

19

Issue/No.

2

First Page

108

Last Page

114

Abstract

Sunlight is attenuated rapidly in the ocean, resulting in little visually useful light reaching deeper than ∼1000 m in even the clearest water [1]. To maximize sensitivity to the relatively brighter downwelling sunlight, to view the silhouette of animals above them, and to increase the binocular overlap of their eyes, many mesopelagic animals have developed upward-pointing tubular eyes [2-4]. However, these sacrifice the ability to detect bioluminescent [5] and reflective objects in other directions. Thus, some mesopelagic fish with tubular eyes extend their visual fields laterally and/or ventrally by lensless ocular diverticula, which are thought to provide unfocused images, allowing only simple detection of objects, with little spatial resolution [2-4]. Here, we show that a medial mirror within the ventrally facing ocular diverticulum of the spookfish, Dolichopteryx longipes, consisting of a multilayer stack derived from a retinal tapetum, is used to reflect light onto a lateral retina. The reflective plates are not orientated parallel to the surface of the mirror. Instead, plate angles change progressively around the mirror, and computer modeling indicates that this provides a well-focused image. This is the first report of an ocular image being formed in a vertebrate eye by a mirror.

Comments

©2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Additional Comments

NSF grant #: IBN-0343871

DOI

10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.061

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Peer Reviewed

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