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Abstract

Gastroschisis is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall viscera that occurs during early embryonic development, leading to the protrusion of bowel through an opening near the umbilical cord. This condition is classified as either simple, involving only the bowel, or complex, involving additional complications like necrosis or intestinal atresia. While the exact cause of gastroschisis remains unknown, it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This congenital disorder affects a very small percentage of neonates, and the associated mortality rates are relatively low due to modern developments in medical science. Gastroschisis can be diagnosed prenatally through ultrasound, but must be treated postnatally, with primary or staged surgical repairs. Emerging treatments include using bioprosthetic materials like acellular bovine pericardial patches, which have shown promise in reducing infection rates and improving outcomes in neonates with complex gastroschisis. Despite advancements, further research is required to optimize these techniques and understand long-term patient outcomes.

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