Abstract
Purpose: Organized firefighting began in ancient Rome in 300BC, with the first fire engines in the 17th century. Modern firefighters face extreme personal risk, responding to emergency situations and providing life-saving public support. Cardiovascular disease events account for 45% of on-duty fatalities among firefighters. Cardiovascular health in firefighters is not only important for immediate job performance but also for long-term health. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an educational intervention to influence firefighter knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and prevention. Method: A literature review determined that cardiovascular health was the leading knowledge deficit among firefighters surveyed. Study participants were firefighters in various parts of the U.S. contacted via email invitations. Inclusion criteria was that participants were active-duty firefighters. There were no exclusion criteria related to medical history, length of time as a firefighter, or age. Participants completed a 24-question pretest to assess general understanding of topics related to cardiovascular health. An educational pamphlet was created and distributed to enhance their understanding of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies. Participants then completed a posttest to assess effectiveness of the educational intervention. Results: Median pre-test scores were 68.1% compared to 89.9% for post-test scores, indicating a 21.9% improvement following the educational intervention, with a significant difference found between pre and post-test scores. Conclusions: Health promotion programs consisting of exercise and nutrition, mental health resources, and stress management can all be beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Proactivity by departments is key to increasing overall well-being and longevity amongst their firefighters. This study demonstrates meaningful knowledge gaps affecting firefighter health and longevity in relation to cardiovascular disease, known risk factors, disease management, and disease prevention. It is recommended that fire departments implement regular programs focusing on exercise, stress management, and nutrition, while also advocating for further research to address firefighter needs.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my wife Stephanie for her constant support and love.
Recommended Citation
Richardson S, Haight A, Sanchez K, Jepperson M, Houston K, Schembs L. Effects of an Educational Intervention on Firefighter Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Prevention. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice. 2025 Apr 15;23(2), Article 21.
