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Microalgae for Energy
Reza Razeghifard
Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances—including their properties, manufacturing, and uses. It also focuses on industrial processes and unit operations in chemical engineering, as well as covering fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. Additionally, environmental and health issues concerning chemical technology are also addressed.
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Chapter 1: Impact of Bandgap on Infrared Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Quaternary Chalcogenides: Cu2CdSnS4, α/β-Cu2ZnSiS4 and Li2CdGeS4
Jennifer A. Aitken, Jacilynn A. Brant, Daniel J. Clark, Yong Soo Kim, and Joon I. Jang
In recent years, there is increasing interest in the research on optical fiber nanowires or microfibers (MFs) which are fibers with submicrometer- and nanometer- diameter. The size is tens to thousands of times thinner than the standard optical fiber. With the advantages of large evanescent fields, high nonlinearity, extreme flexibility and configurability and low-loss interconnection to other optical fibers and fiberized components，they have found potential applications in a wide range of fields of optical communications, sensing, lasers, biology and chemistry. This book discusses the fundamentals, applications and technological advances of nonlinear optics.
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Chapter 10: Chalcogenides and Non-oxides
Jacilynn A. Brant, Carl D. Brunetta, and Jennifer A. Aitken
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds.
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Chapter 1: Physics Overview of Solar Energy
Diego Castano
Undoubtedly the most important factor in the study of solar energy is the sun, the local star and the gravitational stake to which the earth is tethered. The standard theories of particle physics and cosmology describe the Big Bang as the moment of creation of space, time, matter, and energy. In thermodynamics, the universe is divided into two parts, the system under consideration and its surroundings. All exchanges between system and surroundings are done across a boundary, the real or effective surface separating the two. In the photovoltaic effect, like in the photoelectric effect, light energy is absorbed by electrons, but, unlike in the photoelectric effect, the electrons are not ejected from the semiconductor. The photosynthetic mechanism absorbs light energy by using pigments, especially chlorophyll (Chl) molecules. Photosynthetic organisms only need 1% of the solar spectrum to provide enough biomass and oxygen to support life on earth.
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Chapter 5: Artificial Photosynthesis Ruthenium Complexes
Dimitri Giarikos
This technical book explores current and future applications of solar power as an unlimited source of energy that earth receives every day. Photosynthetic organisms have learned to utilize this abundant source of energy by converting it into high-energy biochemical compounds. Inspired by the efficient conversion of solar energy into an electron flow, attempts have been made to construct artificial photosynthetic systems capable of establishing a charge separation state for generating electricity or driving chemical reactions. Another important aspect of photosynthesis is the CO2 fixation and the production of high energy compounds. Photosynthesis can produce biomass using solar energy while reducing the CO2 level in air. Biomass can be converted into biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Under certain conditions, photosynthetic organisms can also produce hydrogen gas which is one of the cleanest sources of energy.
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Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis
Reza Razeghifard (editor)
This technical book explores current and future applications of solar power as an unlimited source of energy that earth receives every day. Photosynthetic organisms have learned to utilize this abundant source of energy by converting it into high-energy biochemical compounds. Inspired by the efficient conversion of solar energy into an electron flow, attempts have been made to construct artificial photosynthetic systems capable of establishing a charge separation state for generating electricity or driving chemical reactions. Another important aspect of photosynthesis is the CO2 fixation and the production of high energy compounds. Photosynthesis can produce biomass using solar energy while reducing the CO2 level in air. Biomass can be converted into biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Under certain conditions, photosynthetic organisms can also produce hydrogen gas which is one of the cleanest sources of energy.
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General Chemistry 1 Laboratory
Krista Kasdorf, Donna Chamely Wiik, Beatrix Aukszi, and Jerome E. Haky
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Approximation to Deformations of Surfaces and its Applications
Matthew He and Chandra Kambhamettu
Book Abstract: This meticulously edited selection of papers comes out of the Ninth International Symposium on Approximation Theory held in Nashville, Tennessee, in January, 1998. Each volume contains several invited survey papers written by experts in the field, along with contributed research papers. This book should be of great interest to mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists working in approximation theory, wavelets, computer-aided geometric design (CAGD), and numerical analysis. Among the topics included in the books are the following: adaptive approximation approximation by harmonic functions approximation by radial basis functions approximation by ridge functions approximation in the complex plane Bernstein polynomials bivariate splines constructions of multiresolution analyses convex approximation frames and frame bases Fourier methods generalized moduli of smoothness interpolation and approximation by splines on triangulations multiwavelet bases neural networks nonlinear approximation quadrature and cubature rational approximation refinable functions subdivision schemes thin plate splines wavelets and wavelet systems
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