1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:08,066 2 00:00:08,066 --> 00:00:12,099 This complex graphic illustrates the Scientific Publication Cycle, 3 00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:16,433 which shows how information is created and shared over time. 4 00:00:16,433 --> 00:00:19,899 As time passes, information moves through different stages of 5 00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:23,833 knowledge acquisition, publication, and access. 6 00:00:23,833 --> 00:00:27,699 Moving through this cycle in a clockwise direction, we can better 7 00:00:27,700 --> 00:00:32,100 understand how we contribute to scholarship and produce information. 8 00:00:32,100 --> 00:00:35,966 So, let’s take a closer look at each phase of this cycle. 9 00:00:35,966 --> 00:00:40,332 As an idea originates, knowledge is in an early 10 00:00:40,333 --> 00:00:43,699 stage of development. Scholars begin experimenting 11 00:00:43,700 --> 00:00:46,600 and testing their ideas and documenting their findings. 12 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:50,566 These initial documents usually consist of personal lab notes, 13 00:00:50,566 --> 00:00:54,899 field notes, and research diaries, which are generally not available 14 00:00:54,900 --> 00:00:58,566 to others at that point in time. 15 00:00:58,566 --> 00:01:00,632 As more information is gathered, scholars may start to 16 00:01:00,633 --> 00:01:04,833 discuss their ideas with their colleagues. They may also begin drafting grant 17 00:01:04,833 --> 00:01:08,033 proposals for continued research. At this point, 18 00:01:08,033 --> 00:01:13,133 access to this information is shared through this scholarly discourse. 19 00:01:13,133 --> 00:01:14,966 As preliminary research continues, 20 00:01:14,966 --> 00:01:18,199 scholars may begin to share their research at scientific meetings 21 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:22,066 and professional conferences. Access to this information may 22 00:01:22,066 --> 00:01:26,966 become available on a conference website or through specialized databases. 23 00:01:26,966 --> 00:01:30,332 The next phase involves a review process of original research. 24 00:01:30,333 --> 00:01:34,299 For example, dissertations are reviewed by the candidate’s committee, 25 00:01:34,300 --> 00:01:37,600 government agencies review the reports that they commissioned, 26 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:41,366 and patent applications are reviewed by the patent office. 27 00:01:41,366 --> 00:01:47,032 During this phase, the information is becoming more accessible through specialized databases. 28 00:01:47,033 --> 00:01:49,533 Scholars and professionals may submit manuscripts for 29 00:01:49,533 --> 00:01:52,999 publication about their research in academic journals, 30 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:56,800 which may then undergo a peer review process by scientists and experts 31 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,866 in the same field to determine the quality of the research. 32 00:02:00,866 --> 00:02:07,166 While the first half of the cycle focuses on conducting and sharing primary research, 33 00:02:07,166 --> 00:02:10,699 the second half of the cycle concentrates on synthesizing and generalizing 34 00:02:10,700 --> 00:02:15,066 information into secondary sources. Examples include annual reviews 35 00:02:15,066 --> 00:02:18,666 of published literature within a field and reference resources 36 00:02:18,666 --> 00:02:23,232 such as specialized encyclopedias. 37 00:02:23,233 --> 00:02:25,899 Eventually, information will begin to appear in books 38 00:02:25,900 --> 00:02:29,066 and other popular sources that appeal to wider audiences, 39 00:02:29,066 --> 00:02:33,299 and access to these sources becomes more readily available to you 40 00:02:33,300 --> 00:02:37,366 through your library’s collection and subscriptions. 41 00:02:37,366 --> 00:02:40,199 The final phase consists of instructional literature, 42 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:44,466 such as textbooks, which help ensure a mastery of the material. 43 00:02:44,466 --> 00:02:47,799 Not only does this graphic illustrate how information is produced, 44 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,466 but it also illustrates how we consume information when we 45 00:02:51,466 --> 00:02:53,866 move in a counter-clockwise direction. 46 00:02:53,866 --> 00:02:57,199 For example, when we want to gain a better understanding of a topic, 47 00:02:57,200 --> 00:03:03,100 we usually start by reading our textbooks and then locating scholarly, peer-reviewed articles. 48 00:03:03,100 --> 00:03:06,233 As both producers and consumers of information, 49 00:03:06,233 --> 00:03:08,866 scholarship can be viewed as an ongoing conversation 50 00:03:08,866 --> 00:03:14,899 where ideas are formulated, tested, critiqued, debated, and re-examined over time. 51 00:03:14,900 --> 00:03:18,633 As new information emerges, the conversation can change. 52 00:03:18,633 --> 00:03:24,566 Theories may be reinforced or disproven, and competing perspectives can be compared. 53 00:03:24,566 --> 00:03:30,432 Understanding the stages of this cycle will help you effectively seek information. 54 00:03:30,433 --> 00:03:35,466 If you would like to meet with a librarian to learn how to use library resources to find information, 55 00:03:35,466 --> 00:03:45,166 please visit lib.nova.edu/contact to schedule an appointment.